有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏纤维化的影响

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Abstract Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and investigate the mechanism of renal tubular epithelial-interstitial transformation (EMT) in the above process so as to facilitate targeted exercise prescriptions for patients with hypertensive nephropathy.Methods Ten Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as the normal blood pressure control group (WKY),while another 30 male SHRs were randomly divided into the hypertensive sedentary group (SHR-S) and hypertensive exercise group (SHR-E).The rats in WKY and SHR-S groups were reared quietly in cages,while those in the SHR-E group were trained on a treadmill for 8 weeks.After the experiment,caudal artery blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive sphygmomanometer while 24-hour urinary protein (UP),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured to evaluate renal function.Renal histopathology was observed with Masson staining and the fibrosis index (FI) was obtained.The expressions of transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁),phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3),α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin (E-CA) were determined by Western Blotting.Results Compared with the WKY group,blood pressure [SBP:(177.3±17.2) mmHg vs. (110.6±13.3) mmHg,P<0.05;DBP:(108.1±6.3) mmHg vs.(75.6±4.9) mmHg,P<0.05;MAP:(131.1±7.4) mmHg vs. (87.3±4.7) mmHg,P<0.05],renal FI[(7.87±1.89)% vs.(0.43±0.05)%,P<0.05],UP[(197.3±41.6) mg/24 h vs.(89.2±9.5) mg/24 h,P<0.05],BUN [(14.3±2.9) mmol/L vs. (4.9±1.0) mmol/L,P<0.05] and SCr [(98.6±10.1) μmol/L vs. (35.8±4.3) μmol/L,P<0.05] increased,TGF-β₁,p-Smad2,p-Smad3 and α-SMA protein expression up-regulated (P<0.05) while E-CA protein expression down-regulated (P<0.05) in SHR-S group.Compared with SHR-S group,blood pressure [SBP:(152.3±14.2) mmHg vs. (177.3±17.2) mmHg,P<0.05;DBP:(93.1±9.7) mmHg vs. (108.1±6.3) mmHg,P<0.05;MAP:(112.8±7.9) mmHg vs. (131.1±7.4) mmHg,P<0.05],renal FI[(3.02±0.91)% vs. (7.87±1.89)%,P<0.05],UP[(127.9±25.7) mg/24 h vs. (197.3±41.6) mg/24 h.P<0.05],BUN [(6.8±1.7) mmol/L vs. (14.3±2.9) mmol/L,P<0.05] and SCr [(50.3±6.0) μmol/L vs. (98.6±10.1) μmol/L,P<0.05] decreased,TGF-β₁,p-Smad2 p-Smad3 and α-SMA protein expressions down-regulated (P<0.05) and E-CA protein expression up-regulated (P<0.05) in SHR-E group.Conclusions Aerobic exercise may improve renal fibrosis by inhibiting renal tubular EMT via regulation of TGF-β₁/Smad signal pathway,thus enhancing renal function in rats with hypertensive nephropathy.

Key words： aerobic exercise hypertension hypertensive nephropathy renal fibrosis tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation

Received: 15 August 2020

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