Chapman S A, Irwin E D, Beal A L, et al. Prothrombin complex concentrate versus standard therapies for INR reversal in trauma patients receiving warfarin[J]. Ann Pharmacother, 2011,45:869-875.
[3]
Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips W S, et al. Emergency oral anticoagulation reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy[J]. ThrombHaemost,1997,77:477-480.
[4]
Baggs J H, Patanwala A E, Williams E M. Dosing of 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for international normalized ratio reversal[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2012,46:51-56.
[1]
Huhtakangas J, Tetri S, Juvels S, et al. Effect of increased warfarin use on warfarin-related cerebral hemorrhage: a longitudinal population-based study[J]. Stroke,2011,42:2431-2435.
[2]
Chapman S A, Irwin E D, Beal A L, et al. Prothrombin complex concentrate versus standard therapies for INR reversal in trauma patients receiving warfarin[J]. Ann Pharmacother, 2011,45:869-875.
[3]
Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips W S, et al. Emergency oral anticoagulation reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy[J]. ThrombHaemost,1997,77:477-480.
[5]
Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, et al. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines[J]. Chest,2008,133:160S.
[4]
Baggs J H, Patanwala A E, Williams E M. Dosing of 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for international normalized ratio reversal[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2012,46:51-56.
[6]
Bershad E M, Suarez J I. Prothrombin complex concentrates for oral anticoagulant therapy-related intracranial hemorrhage: a review of the literature[J]. Neurocrit Care 2010,12:403-413.
[5]
Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, et al. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines[J]. Chest,2008,133:160S.
[7]
Miller Y, Bachowski G, Benjamin R, et al. Practice guidelines for blood transfusion: a compilation From recent peer-reviewed literature[M]. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: American National Red Cross, 2007:66.
[6]
Bershad E M, Suarez J I. Prothrombin complex concentrates for oral anticoagulant therapy-related intracranial hemorrhage: a review of the literature[J]. Neurocrit Care 2010,12:403-413.
[7]
Miller Y, Bachowski G, Benjamin R, et al. Practice guidelines for blood transfusion: a compilation From recent peer-reviewed literature[M]. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: American National Red Cross, 2007:66.
Hauser C J, Boffard K, Dutton R, et al. Results of the CONTROL trial: efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII in the management of refractory traumatic hemorrhage[J]. J Trauma, 2010,69:489-500.
[10]
Mayer S A, Brun N C, Begtrup K, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebralhemorrhage[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008,358:2127-2137.
[9]
Hauser C J, Boffard K, Dutton R, et al. Results of the CONTROL trial: efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII in the management of refractory traumatic hemorrhage[J]. J Trauma, 2010,69:489-500.
[11]
Bebulin VH (Factor IX Complex) vapor heated [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 2006,09.
[10]
Mayer S A, Brun N C, Begtrup K, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebralhemorrhage[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008,358:2127-2137.
[12]
Profilnine SD (Factor IX Complex) [package insert]. Los Angeles, CA: GrifolsBiologicals Inc, 2010,03.
[11]
Bebulin VH (Factor IX Complex) vapor heated [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 2006,09.
[13]
Patanwala A E, Acquisto N M, Erstad B L. Prothrombin complex concentrate for critical bleeding[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2011,45:990-999.
[12]
Profilnine SD (Factor IX Complex) [package insert]. Los Angeles, CA: GrifolsBiologicals Inc, 2010,03.
[14]
Dager W E. Using prothrombin complex concentrate to rapidly reverse oral anticoagulation effects[J]. Ann Pharmacother ,2011,45: 1016-1020.
[13]
Patanwala A E, Acquisto N M, Erstad B L. Prothrombin complex concentrate for critical bleeding[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2011,45:990-999.
[15]
PinnerN A, Hurdle A C, Oliphant C.Treatment of warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage: a comparison of prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant activated factor VII[J]. World Neurosurg,2010,74:631-635.
[16]
Wegner J, Popovsky. Clinical utility of thromboelastography: one size does not fit all[J]. Semin Thromb Hemost,2010,36:699-706.
[14]
Dager W E. Using prothrombin complex concentrate to rapidly reverse oral anticoagulation effects[J]. Ann Pharmacother ,2011,45: 1016-1020.
[17]
Imberti D, Barillari G, Biasioli C, et al. Emergency reversal of anticoagulation with a three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage[J]. Blood Transfus,2011,9:148-155.
[15]
PinnerN A, Hurdle A C, Oliphant C.Treatment of warfarin-related intracranial hemorrhage: a comparison of prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant activated factor VII[J]. World Neurosurg,2010,74:631-635.
[18]
Holland L, Warkentin T E, Refaai M, et al. Suboptimal effect of three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Profilnine-SD) in correcting supratherapeutic INR due to warfarin overdose[J]. Transfusion,2009,49:1171-1177.
[16]
Wegner J, Popovsky. Clinical utility of thromboelastography: one size does not fit all[J]. Semin Thromb Hemost,2010,36:699-706.
[19]
Butler A C, Tait R C. Management of oral anticoagulation-induced intracranial haemorrhage[J]. Blood Rev,1998,12:35-44.
[17]
Imberti D, Barillari G, Biasioli C, et al. Emergency reversal of anticoagulation with a three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage[J]. Blood Transfus,2011,9:148-155.
[20]
Markis M, Van Veen J J. Three or four factor prothrombin complex concentrate for emergency anticoagulation reversal[J]. Blood Transfus,2011,9:117-119.
[18]
Holland L, Warkentin T E, Refaai M, et al. Suboptimal effect of three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Profilnine-SD) in correcting supratherapeutic INR due to warfarin overdose[J]. Transfusion,2009,49:1171-1177.
[21]
Lankiewicz M W, Hays J, Friedman K D, et al. Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2006,4:967-970.
[22]
Sarode R, Matevosyan K, Bhagat R, et al. Rapid warfarin reversal: a 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa cocktail for intracerebral hemorrhage[J]. J Neurosurg,2012,116: 491-497.
[19]
Butler A C, Tait R C. Management of oral anticoagulation-induced intracranial haemorrhage[J]. Blood Rev,1998,12:35-44.
[23]
Yasaka M, Sakata T, Naritomi H. Optimal dose of prothrombin complex concentrate for acute reversal of oral anticoagulation[J]. Thromb Res,2005,115:455-459.
[20]
Markis M, Van Veen J J. Three or four factor prothrombin complex concentrate for emergency anticoagulation reversal[J]. Blood Transfus,2011,9:117-119.
[24]
Van Aart L, Eijkhout H W, Kamphuis J S, et al. Individualized dosing regimen for prothrombin complex concentrate more effective than standard treatment in the reversal of oral anticoagulation therapy: an open, prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. Thromb Res,2006,118:313-320.
[21]
Lankiewicz M W, Hays J, Friedman K D, et al. Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2006,4:967-970.
[25]
Baker R I, Couglin P B, Gallus A S, et al. Warfarin reversal: consensus guidelines, on behalf of the Australasian society of thrombosis and hemostasis[J]. Med J Aust,2004,181:492-497.
[22]
Sarode R, Matevosyan K, Bhagat R, et al. Rapid warfarin reversal: a 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa cocktail for intracerebral hemorrhage[J]. J Neurosurg,2012,116: 491-497.
[26]
Dickneite G, Dorr B, Kaspereit F. Prothrombin complex concentrate versus recombinant factor VIIa for reversal of hemodilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model[J]. J Trauma,2010,68:1151-1157.
[23]
Yasaka M, Sakata T, Naritomi H. Optimal dose of prothrombin complex concentrate for acute reversal of oral anticoagulation[J]. Thromb Res,2005,115:455-459.
[27]
Dickneite G, Pragst I. Prothrombin complex concentrate vs fresh frozen plasma for reversal of dilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model[J]. Br J Anaesth,2009,102:345-354.
[24]
Van Aart L, Eijkhout H W, Kamphuis J S, et al. Individualized dosing regimen for prothrombin complex concentrate more effective than standard treatment in the reversal of oral anticoagulation therapy: an open, prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. Thromb Res,2006,118:313-320.
[28]
Schochl H, Neinaber U, Maegele M, et al. Transfusion in trauma: thromboelastography guided coagulation factor concentrate-based therapy versus standard fresh frozen plasma based therapy[J]. Crit Care,2011,15:R83.
[25]
Baker R I, Couglin P B, Gallus A S, et al. Warfarin reversal: consensus guidelines, on behalf of the Australasian society of thrombosis and hemostasis[J]. Med J Aust,2004,181:492-497.
[29]
Godier A, Susen S, Samama M. Treatment of massive bleeding with prothrombin complex concentrate: argument against[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2010,8:2592-2595.
[26]
Dickneite G, Dorr B, Kaspereit F. Prothrombin complex concentrate versus recombinant factor VIIa for reversal of hemodilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model[J]. J Trauma,2010,68:1151-1157.
[30]
Tanaka K A, Szlam F. Treatment of massive bleeding with prothrombin complex concentrate: argument for[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2010,8:2589-2591.
[27]
Dickneite G, Pragst I. Prothrombin complex concentrate vs fresh frozen plasma for reversal of dilutional coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model[J]. Br J Anaesth,2009,102:345-354.
[28]
Schochl H, Neinaber U, Maegele M, et al. Transfusion in trauma: thromboelastography guided coagulation factor concentrate-based therapy versus standard fresh frozen plasma based therapy[J]. Crit Care,2011,15:R83.
[29]
Godier A, Susen S, Samama M. Treatment of massive bleeding with prothrombin complex concentrate: argument against[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2010,8:2592-2595.
[30]
Tanaka K A, Szlam F. Treatment of massive bleeding with prothrombin complex concentrate: argument for[J]. J ThrombHaemost,2010,8:2589-2591.
2014, Vol. 25 
