Incidence and allergen distribution of atopic dermatitis in children aged 1 to 6 years
WANG Shan1, ZHANG Lu2, WANG Jing3, WANG Lu1
1. Dermatology Department, the First Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of PLA Air Force, Xi'an 771032, China; 2. Pediatric Hematologic Oncology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China; 3. Department of Psychosis, the Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710021, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 1-6 years in Xi'an city and to analyze the distribution characteristics of allergens. Methods A total of 1164 children with AD diagnosed in outpatient clinics from March 2021 to May 2023 in three hospitals (the First Hospital Affiliated to Medical University of PLA Air Force, the Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital, and the Third Hospital of Xi'an) were selected as the observation subjects, and the total serum IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) results of all patients were detected and analyzed. Results The percentage of AD in 1-year-old children was the highest, the percentage of AD in 6-year-old children was the lowest, and the combined percentage of AD in 1- to 3-year-old children was more than 65%. the percentage of AD in 1- to 6-year-old children was 57.99% in boys, which was higher than that in girls, which was 42.01%; Among the ingestible allergens, the positive rates of mango and shrimp in children aged 4 to 6 years were significantly higher than those in children aged 1-3 years,while the positive rates of egg white, milk, and cashew were significantly lower than those in children aged 1-3 years (P＜0.05). Among the inhalation allergens, the positive rates of household dust mites, cockroaches, mold combinations, walnut oak, elm, maple, birch and poplar a allergens in children aged 4-6 years were significantly higher than hose in children aged 1-3 years, and the positive rate of dog and cat dander allergens was significantly higher than that of children aged 1-3 years old (P<0.05). Positive rates were significantly lower than those of children aged 1 to 3 years (P<0.05). Among children aged 1 to 3 years, the positive rates of egg white, milk, cashew nuts, cat and dog dander and house dust mite allergens were significantly higher in boys than in girls (P<0.05). Among children aged 4 to 6 years, the positive rates of cat and dog dander allergens were significantly higher than in girls (P<0.05). AD accounted for the highest proportion of limbs and trunk, followed by head and face eyelids, neck, elbows and knees, hands and feet. Conclusions The common allergens in children aged 1-6 years are different at different age groups. The common allergens for children aged 1-3 are egg white, milk, cat and dog dander, and the common allergens in children aged 4-6 years are a combination of milk, cat and dog dander, household dust mites, and mold. Inhaled allergens decrease with age,while inhaled allergens increase with age.
王姗, 张露, 王静, 王璐. 1～6岁儿童特应性皮炎发病特征及其过敏原分布[J]. 武警医学, 2024, 35(4): 339-342.
WANG Shan, ZHANG Lu, WANG Jing, WANG Lu. Incidence and allergen distribution of atopic dermatitis in children aged 1 to 6 years. Med. J. Chin. Peop. Armed Poli. Forc., 2024, 35(4): 339-342.
Fishbein A B, Silverberg J I, Wilson E J,et al. Update on atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment selection[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2020, 8(1):91-101.
2024, Vol. 35 
