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| Effect of pure titanium electroplated chromium on shear bond strength between porcelain and titanium |
| ZHANG Liang,CHEN Zengli,XU Hongquan,ZHAO Wenfeng |
| Department of Stomatology,General Hospital of Beijing Military Command Area, Beijing 100700, China |
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of pure titanium electroplated chromium on the shear bond strength between titanium and porcelain. Methods Seventy specimens of machined commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) plates grade Ⅱ (10 mm×10 mm×1 mm) were prepared. The specimens were divided into three groups saccording to the concentration of electroplating solution, Gr Ⅰ (control without electroplating, n=10), Gr Ⅱ (5%, w/v, of chromium nitrate solution, n=30) and Gr Ⅲ (10%, w/v, of chromium nitrate solution, n=30). Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were further divided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the electroplating time (0.5, 1 and 2 h). Two titanium-porcelains (Vita Titankeramik and Triceram) were applied to each subgroup (n= 5). The titanium-porcelain interfaces were loaded under shear in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred. Failure types were examined by stereomicroscopy and the titanium-porcelain interface examined by SEM. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results Bond strength values were significantly affected by the type of electroplating treatment (P<0.05), but not by the type of porcelain. The CP Ti/Vita Titankeramik (0.5 h,10%, w/v) and the CP Ti/Triceram (0.5 h 5%, w/v) groups showed the highest bond strength(MPa) (26.72 ± 5.78 and 25.48 ± 4.14) respectively among the groups,suggesting that surface treatment of CP Ti using chromium interlayer coating for 0.5 h 5% (w/v) and 0.5 h 10% (w/v) by electroplating enhanced the shear bond strength between titanium and porcelain. Stereomicroscope and SEM images showed that chromium interlayer enhanced the bond strength between porcelain and titanium. Conclusions There are no significant differences between chromium plating treatment for 0.5 h 5% (w/v) and 0.5 h 10% (w/v) in the bond strength for both types of titanium-porcelain. Consequently, electroplating treatment using 5% (w/v) for 0.5 h may be sufficient for bond improvement between titanium and porcelain. It appears that the Cr interlayer acts as a good oxygen diffusion barrier and effectively prevents excessive oxidation of titanium surfaces at porcelain sintering temperatures.
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Received: 13 September 2013
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2014, Vol. 25 
