Objective To provide evidence-based basis for the medical support of officers and soldiers on the naval vessels, the disease spectrum data of soldiers on Chinese naval vessels were collected and the incidence rate of officers and soldiers was calculated by Meta-analysis.Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Embase databases were searched to obtain the disease spectrum of officers and soldiers on naval vessels in China. The heterogeneity of data was tested and the corresponding effect model was selected by RevMan5.3 and Stata16.0 software. Egger test was used to evaluate the publication bias of each literature.Results A total of 3 literatures were included in the study, with a total sample of 1295 people. The results of meta-analysis showed that the top 6 diseases were respiratory system diseases (44.30%), injury, poisoning or some other consequences of external causes (22.48%), skin diseases (20.30%), eye, ear, nose, throat and oral diseases (18.82%), digestive system diseases (18.04%), musculoskeletal system or connective tissue diseases (13.51%).Conclusions The health department should focus on respiratory diseases and reasonably allocate medical resources in the early stage of the mission according to the incidence of diseases among officers and soldiers in order to ensure that officers and soldiers can successfully complete all kinds of tasks.