Effect of high-intensity training on striated muscle and vital organs of recruits and its intervention effect
ZHANG Xin1,2, SHEN Jian1, SU Yongkang1, LI Ying1, ZHOU Boning1, JIAO Yang1, FU Zhenhong1
1. Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 100853 Beijing, China; 2. Department of Cardiology, the 980th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China
AbstractObjective To analyze the effect of high-intensity training on striated muscle and vital organs in recruits and to evaluate the intervention effect of hydration and alkalization of urine. Methods In this study, 500 recruits from a certain troop were selected and randomly divided into a conventional training group and a high-intensity training group. Effects of high-intensity training on striated muscle and important organs of the recruits and its intervention effect 4 weeks after training, blood biochemistry and electrocardiogram were collected for statistical analysis. The high-intensity training group was given periodic hydration, sodium bicarbonate tablet 1.5 g/day alkalized urine intervention treatment, , and the changes of biochemical indexes before and after intervention were observed. Results The rates of striated muscle injury (6.67% vs. 16.38%), rhabdomyolysis (0.00% vs. 2.59%), myocardial injury (0.00% vs. 7.76%), liver injury (7.50% vs. 29.31%), kidney injury (3.33% vs. 9.48%) and inflammatory response (19.17% vs. 43.10%) were compared between the two groups. We compared the incidence rate of sinus bradycardia (2.50% vs. 6.90%), sinus tachycardia (0.83% vs. 6.03%), left ventricular high voltage (2.50% vs. 7.76%), and short PR interval (0.00% vs. 2.59%). All the indexes of the high-intensity training group were significantly higher than those of the conventional training group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).In addition, we compared the changes of biochemical measures before and after the intervention, such as mean of Cr (80.31 μmol/L vs. 75.32 μmol/L), median of CK (117.50 U/L vs. 88.70 U/L), median of CKMB (2.09 ng/ml vs. 1.86 ng/ml), median of LDH (167.75 U/L vs. 147.75 U/L), median of Myo (37.00 ng/ml vs. 31.60 ng/ml), median of ALT (23.45 U/L vs. 20.00 U/L) and median of AST (24.25 U/L vs. 19.20 U/L). Compared with indexes before the intervention, the biochemical indexes of each organ were effectively improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of striated muscle injury and vital organ injury is higher in recruits under the condition of high-intensity training, and hydration and alkalization of urine can reduce the incidence of striated muscle injury and vital organ injury.
ZHANG Xin,SHEN Jian,SU Yongkang等. Effect of high-intensity training on striated muscle and vital organs of recruits and its intervention effect[J]. Med. J. Chin. Peop. Armed Poli. Forc., 2023, 34(7): 577-581.
Backer H C, Busko M, Krause F G, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis and causes of elevation of creatine kinase[J]. Phys Sportsmed, 2020, 48(2): 179-185.
[8]
Arnautovic J Z, Tereziu S. Evaluation of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with exertional rhabdomyolysis[J]. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 2019, 119(7): 428-434.
[9]
Eichner E R. Exertional rhabdomyolysis in civilian and military populations[J]. Curr Sports Med Rep, 2020, 19(3): 99-100.
Luetmer M T, Boettcher B J, Franco J M, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis: a retrospective population-based study[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2020, 52(3): 608-615.
Peng F, Lin X, Sun L Z, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis in a 21-year-old healthy man resulting from lower extremity training: a case report[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(28): e16244.
[14]
Al Badi A, Al Rasbi S, Alalawi A M. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report and literature review[J]. Cureus, 2020, 12(8): e10037.
Kumar R, Kumar S, Kumar A, et al. Exercise-Induced rhabdomyolysis causing acute kidney injury: a potential threat to gym lovers[J]. Cureus, 2022, 14(8): e28046.
[17]
Nolte H W, Hew-Butler T, Noakes T D, et al. Exercise-associated hyponatremic encephalopathy and exertional heatstroke in a soldier: high rates of fluid intake during exercise caused rather than prevented a fatal outcome[J]. Phys Sportsmed, 2015, 43(1): 93-8.
Adhikari P, Hari A, Morel L, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis after crossfit exercise[J]. Cureus, 2021, 13(1): e12630.
[22]
Kim J, Lee J, Kim S, et al. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis mechanisms and prevention: a literature review[J]. J Sport Health Sci, 2016, 5(3): 324-333.
[23]
Carneiro A, Viana-Gomes D, Macedo-Da-Silva J, et al. Risk factors and future directions for preventing and diagnosing exertional rhabdomyolysis[J]. Neuromuscul Disord, 2021, 31(7): 583-595.
Wu M, Wang C, Liu Z, et al. Sequential organ failure assessment score for prediction of mortality of patients with rhabdomyolysis following exertional heatstroke: a longitudinal cohort study in southern China[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8: 724319.
[26]
Aalborg C, Rod-Larsen C, Leiro I, et al. An increase in the number of admitted patients with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis[J]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 2016, 136(18): 1532-1536.
[27]
Lipman G S, Gaudio F G, Eifling K P, et al. Wilderness medical society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat illness: 2019 Update[J]. Wilderness Environ Med, 2019, 30(4S): S33-S46.
[28]
Scharf C, Liebchen U, Paal M, et al. Blood purification with a cytokine adsorber for the elimination of myoglobin in critically ill patients with severe rhabdomyolysis[J]. Crit Care, 2021, 25(1): 41.
2023, Vol. 34 
