Mikolajczak K, Czerwinska K, Pilecki W, et al. The impact of temporary stay at high altitude on the circulatory system[J]. J Clin Med, 2021,10(8):45.
[2]
Khodaee M, Grothe H L, Seyfert J H, et al. Athletes at high altitude[J]. Sports Health, 2016,8(2):126-132.
[3]
Naei R. Physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular system to high altitude[J]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2010,52(6):456-466.
[4]
Bilo G, Caravita S, Torlasco C, et al. Blood pressure at high altitude: physiology and clinical implications[J]. Kardiol Pol, 2019,77(6):596-603.
[5]
Stembridge M, Ainslie P N, Shave R. Short-term adaptation and chronic cardiac remodelling to high altitude in lowlander natives and Himalayan Sherpa[J]. Exp Physiol, 2015,100(11):1242-1246.
[6]
Stembridge M, Ainslie P N, Shave R. Mechanisms underlying reductions in stroke volume at rest and during exercise at high altitude[J]. Eur J Sport Sci, 2016,16(5):577-584.
[7]
Sareban M, Perz T, Macholz F, et al. Preserved right ventricular function but increased right atrial contractile demand in altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension[J]. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2020,36(6):1069-1076.
[8]
He C, Liu C, Yu S, et al. Atrial performance in healthy subjects following high altitude exposure at 4100 m: 2D speckle-tracking strain analysis[J]. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2021,37(6):1891-1902.
[9]
Kamikomaki N, Nishioka O. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is altered at altitude[J]. High Alt Med Biol, 2004,5(4):465-466.
[10]
Milledge J S, Catley D M, Blume F D, et al. Renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and aldosterone in humans on mount everest[J]. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol, 1983,55(4):1109-1112.
[11]
Luks A M, Swenson E R, Bartsch P. Acute high-altitude sickness[J]. Eur Respir Rev, 2017,26(143):4562.
[12]
Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Research advances in pathogenesis and prophylactic measures of acute high altitude illness[J]. Respir Med,2018,145:145-152.
[13]
Zhang J H, Shen Y, Liu C, et al. EPAS1 and VEGFA gene variants are related to the symptoms of acute mountain sickness in Chinese Han population: a cross-sectional study[J]. Mil Med Res,2020,7(1):35.
[14]
Ke J, Liu C, Yu S, et al. Low stroke volume index in healthy young men is associated with the incidence of acute mountain sickness after an ascent by airplane: a case-control study[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2020,2020:6028747.
[15]
Luks A M, Auerbach P S, Freer L, et al. Wilderness medical society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2019 update[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2019,30(4S):S3-S18.
[16]
Nepal G, Yadav J K, Rehrig J H, et al. Efficacy and safety of inhaled budesonide on prevention of acute mountain sickness during emergent ascent: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. BMC Emerg Med, 2020,20(1):38.
[17]
Zhu X, Liu Y, Li N, et al. Inhaled budesonide for the prevention of acute mountain sickness: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Am J Emerg Med, 2020,38(8):1627-1634.
[18]
Duke C B, Sallade T D, Starling J, et al. Hypertension and acute mountain sickness in himalayan trekkers in nepal: an observational cohort study[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2020,31(2):157-164.
[19]
Bilo G, Caldara G, Styczkiewicz K, et al. Effects of selective and nonselective beta-blockade on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure under hypobaric hypoxia at altitude[J]. J Hypertens, 2011,29(2):380-387.
[20]
Parati G, Bilo G, Faini A, et al. Changes in 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Eur Heart J, 2014,35(44):3113-3122.
[21]
Caravita S, Faini A, Baratto C, et al. Upward Shift and steepening of the blood pressure response to exercise in hypertensive subjects at high altitude[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018,7(12):786.
[22]
Parati G, Agostoni P, Basnyat B, et al. Clinical recommendations for high altitude exposure of individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions: a joint statement by the european society of cardiology, the council on hypertension of the european society of cardiology, the european society of hypertension, the international society of mountain medicine, the italian society of hypertension and the italian society of mountain medicine[J]. Eur Heart J,2018,39(17):1546-1554.
[23]
Schmid J P, Nobel D, Brugger N, et al. Short-term high altitude exposure at 3454 m is well tolerated in patients with stable heart failure[J]. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015,17(2):182-186.
[24]
Furian M, Hartmann S E, Latshang T D, et al. Exercise performance of lowlanders with COPD at 2,590 m: data from a randomized trial[J]. Respiration, 2018,95(6):422-432.
[25]
Levine B D. Going High with Heart disease: the effect of high altitude exposure in older individuals and patients with coronary artery disease[J]. High Alt Med Biol, 2015,16(2):89-96.
[26]
Schmid J P, Noveanu M, Gaillet R, et al. Safety and exercise tolerance of acute high altitude exposure (3454 m) among patients with coronary artery disease[J]. Heart, 2006,92(7):921-925.
[27]
Woods D R, Boos C, Roberts P R. Cardiac arrhythmias at high altitude[J]. J R Army Med Corps, 2011,157(1):59-62.
[28]
Alexander J K.Age, altitude, and arrhythmia[J]. Tex Heart Inst J,1995,22(4):308-316.
[29]
Carta A F, Bitos K, Furian M, et al. ECG changes at rest and during exercise in lowlanders with COPD travelling to 3100 m[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2021,324:173-179.
[30]
Cesarone M R, Belcaro G, Geroulakos G, et al. Flight microangiopathy on long-haul flights: prevention of edema and microcirculation alterations with Venoruton[J]. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2003,9(2):109-114.
[31]
Adi Y, Bayliss S, Rouse A, et al. The association between air travel and deep vein thrombosis: systematic review & meta-analysis[J]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2014,2(8):260-265.
[32]
Kuipers S, Venemans J A, Cannegieter S C, et al. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in commercial airline pilots: a cohort study of 2630 pilots[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2014,12(8):1260-1265.
[33]
Schunemann H J, Cushman M, Burnett A E, et al. american society of hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients[J]. Blood Adv, 2018,2(22):3198-3225.
2022, Vol. 33 
