老年男性人群跌倒发生率及相关危险因素的现况调查

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Abstract Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence of falls in elderly male and investigate the risk factors associated with falls. Methods A study was carried out on men over 60 years old. The general information, history of falls, living habits, medical history, physical examination information, exercise ability, muscle strength, walking ability, balance ability, cognitive status, and other indicators were collected to study the risk factors and related injuries of falls in the elderly. According to the history of falls within one year, the subjects were divided into a fall group and a non-fall group. The differences between the two groups were compared, and the relevant factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 520 older subjects were surveyed, with an average age of (77.21±9.70)years. The incidence of falls in the past year was 31.35%. The injury rate of previous falls was 33.6% and the incidence of disability was 31.9%. The highest risk time of falls was early in the morning and late night, and the highest risk places were bedrooms and bathrooms. Most falls occurred during walking, and the main ways of falling were slipping and tripping. The main reasons were slippery ground, obstacles, and complex personal causes. There were significant differences between fall group (n=163) and non-fall group (n=357) in age, activity of daily living (ADL), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), minimum mental state examination, muscle strength of lower limbs, single leg balance test (SLBT), timed “up and go” test, five-time sit-stand test, gait speed, functional ambulation category scale, exercise history and multimorbidity state. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for falls in elderly men were advanced age, poor function of IADL, stroke, orthostatic hypotension, digestive disorder, musculoskeletal disorder, hearing loss, and other diseases, and the protective factors included exercise history, ADL, cognitive function, muscle strength of the lower limb, SLBT, and walking ability and so on. Multivariate logistic regression showed that advanced age(OR=1.085, 95%CI:1.026~1.147), stroke (OR=2.528, 95%CI:1.118~5.717), and orthostatic hypotension (OR=2.845, 95%CI:1.249~6.481) were the risk factors for falls in the elderly men, and good ability in ADL (OR=0.944, 95%CI:0.931~0.959), lower limb strength (OR=0.842, 95%CI:0.784~0.905), and SLBT (OR=0.705, 95%CI:0.633~0.786) were the protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of falls in senile males is high, and the risk of fall increases with the increase of age. Injury and disability are common after falls. The related factors include self-reasons, time and environment. Elderly men with low level of ADL ability, insufficient strength of lower limb, poor balance ability, a history of stroke and orthostatic hypotension has a higher risk of falls.

Key words： fall elderly male cross-sectional study prevalence rate risk factors

Received: 02 January 2024

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	AN Huiyan
	WENG Changshui
	JIANG Tianyu
	LIU Miao
	ZHANG Li

Cite this article:

AN Huiyan,WENG Changshui,JIANG Tianyu等. Prevalence survey on incidence of falls and related risk factors in elderly males[J]. Med. J. Chin. Peop. Armed Poli. Forc., 2024, 35(5): 410-416.

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http://journal08.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_wjyx/EN/ OR http://journal08.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_wjyx/EN/Y2024/V35/I5/410

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