Effects of different training loads on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and mitochondrial functions in rats
REN Hefei1,2, YU Xinyi3,4,CHEN Lijun5, ZHANG Xinyu5, LEI Jing5, CHEN Jian1, and YU Liren6
1.Graduate School of Management Brigade Team, 5. Department of Human Functional Physiology, 6. Administration Office of Teaching Affairs, Logistic University of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China; 3. Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; 4. Department of Materials Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the changes of the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) under different training loads and the effect of training load on oxidative function of skeletal muscle in rats.Methods An exercise model of SD rats was established after four weeks of aerobic treadmill running and anaerobic training. Ascending load training was adopted during aerobic exercise, while high-speed training was adopted during anaerobic exercise with 8 rats in each group. A normal control group was set up. Morphological and mitochondrial changes of skeletal muscle were observed under a transmission electron microscope. A visible spectrophotometer was used to detect the activity of mitochondria respiratory chain enzyme complexes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and T-SOD, Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD in rat skeletal muscle.Results The electron microscope showed the number of mitochondria was increased and triplet structure was obvious in the aerobic training load group compared with the normal control group. In the anaerobic training load group, a large number of swollen mitochondria were observed, the electron density was lower than that of the normal chromosome, the boundary between the bright bands and dark bands was unclear, and the arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments was disorderly. Compared to the normal control group, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, T-SOD, Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD in rat skeletal muscle in the aerobic training load group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while those of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, T-SOD and Mn-SOD in the anaerobic training load group were decreased significantly (P< 0.05), but the CuZn-SOD activity was (2.68±0.61)×103 nkat/mgprot, which was not significantly different from the normal control group, whose activity was (3.73±1.24)×103 nkat/mgprot (P>0.05).Conclusions Different training loads can change the morphological and antioxidation functions of skeletal muscle, which can impact the oxidation function of skeletal muscle. Aerobic training load can effectively improve the mitochondrial function and morphological function of skeletal muscle while alleviating fatigue of the body.
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2020, Vol. 31 
