Roberts J M, August P A, Bakris G, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on hypertension in pregnancy[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2013, 122(5): 1122-1131.
[2]
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin No.202 gestational hypertension and preeclampsia[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2019, 133(1): e1-e25.
[3]
Cruz-Lemini M, Vázquez J C, Ullmo J, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 226(2S): S1126-S1144.e17
[4]
Cournot M, Lairez O, Medzech B. Preeclampsia: a challenge also for cardiologists[J]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris), 2018, 67(4): 280-287.
[5]
Gris J C, Chauleur C, Molinari N, et al. Addition of enoxaparin to aspirin for the secondary prevention of placental vascular complications in women with severe pre-eclampsia. the pilot randomized controlled NOH-PE trial[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 106(6): 1053-1061.
[6]
Rai R,Regan L. Recurrent miscarriage[J]. Lancet, 2006, 368(9535):601-611.
[7]
Kingdom J C, Walke M, Proctor L K, et al. Unfractionated heparin for second trimester placental insufficiency: a pilot randomized trial[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 9(8): 1483-1492.
[8]
Rahnemaei F A, Fashami M A, Abdi F, et al. Factors effective in the prevention of Preeclampsia: a systematic review[J]. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 59(2):173-182.
[9]
McLaughlin K, Scholten R R, Parker J D, et al. Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of severe preeclampsia: where next?[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2018, 84(4): 673-678.
Mello G, Parretti E, Fatini C, et al. Low-molecular-weigh theparin lowers the recurrence rate of preeclampsia and restores the physiological vascular changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme DD women[J] . Hypertension, 2005, 45(1): 86-91.
[12]
Gris J C, Chauleur C, Molinari N, et al. Addition of enoxaparin to aspirin for the secondary prevention of placental vascular complications in women with severe pre-eclampsia. the pilot randomized controlled NOH-PE trial[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 106(6): 1053-1061.
[13]
Groom K M, McCowan L M, Stone P R, et al. EPPI trial Study Group.Enoxaparin for the prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in women with a prior history - an open-label randomised trial (the EPPI trial): study protocol[J].BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2016 16(1):367.
[14]
Liu Y H, Zhang Y S, Chen J Y, et al. Comparative effectiveness of prophylactic strategies for preeclampsia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2022.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.014.
[15]
Wu C, Li L, Zhang J, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin combined with low-molecular-weight heparin in treatment of preeclampsia: a meta-analysis and systematic review[J]. Arch Med Sci, 2021, 18(6):1525-1534.
[16]
Wang X, Gao H. Prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk patients with low-molecular-weight heparin: a meta-analysis[J]. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020, 33(13): 2202-2208.
[17]
Llurba E, Bella M, Burgos J, et al. Early prophylactic enoxaparin for the prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: a randomized trial[J].Fetal Diagn Ther, 2020, 47(11):824-833.
[18]
Groom K M,McCowan L M,Mackay L K,et al. Enoxaparin for the prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in women with a history: a randomized trial[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2017, 216(3): 296.e1-296.
[19]
Roberge S, Bujold E, Nicolaides K H. Aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2018, 218 (3):287-293.e1.
[20]
Roberge S, Nicolaides K, Demers S, et al. The role of aspirin dose on the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2017, 216 (2): 110-120.
[21]
Meher S, Duley L, Hunter K, et al. Antiplatelet therapy before or after 16 weeks′ gestation for preventing preeclampsia: an individual participant data meta-analysis[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2017, 216(2):121-128.
[22]
Roberge S, Bujold E, Nicolaides K H. Meta-analysis on the effect of aspirin use for prevention of preeclampsia on placental abruption and antepartum hemorrhage[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2018, 218 (5) : 483-489.
Marc A R, Jean-C G, Johanna I P, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin and recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomzsed controlled trials[J]. Lancet, 2016, 388(10060): 2629-2641.
Zheng L, Xia B, Yuan Y, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin in addition to low-dose aspirin for preventing preeclampsia and its complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022,9:1073148.
Edouard L, Jean C G, Eva C N, et al. Angiogenic factor profiles in pregnant women with a history of early-onset severe preeclampsia receiving low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2018, 131(1): 63-69.
[30]
Haddad B, Winer N, Chitrit Y, et al. Enoxaparin and aspirin compared with aspirin alone to prevent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2016, 128(5):1053-1063.
[31]
Vries J I, Pampus M G, Hague W M,et al. Lowmolecular-weight heparin added to aspirin in the prevention of recurrent early-onset preeclampsia in women with inheritable thrombophilia: the FRUIT-RCT[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2012,10: 64-72.
Petri M. Pregnancy and systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2020, 64: 24-30.
[34]
Schreiber K, Sciascia S, Groot P G, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome[J].Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2018, 4:17103.
[35]
Middeldorp S, Naue C, Köhler C. Thrombophilia.thrombosis and thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy: for what and in whom?[J]. Hamostaseologie, 2022, 42(1): 54-64.
[36]
Hamulyák E N, Scheres L J, Marijnen M C, et al. Aspirin heparin or both for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020, 5(5): CD012852.
[37]
Yang Z, Shen X, Zhou C, et al. Prevention of recurrent miscarriage in women with antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J].Lupus, 2021, 30(1):70-79.
[38]
Kingdom J C, Drewlo S. Is heparin a placental anticoagulant in high-risk pregnancies?[J]. Blood, 2011, 118(18):4780-4788.
[39]
North R A, Ferrier C, Gamble G, et al. Prevention of preeclampsia with heparin and antiplatelet drugs in women with renal disease[J]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1995, 35(4):357-362.
[40]
Karadag C, Akar B, Gonenc G, et al. Aspirin, low molecular weight heparin, or both in preventing pregnancy complications in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and factor V Leiden mutation[J]. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020, 33(11):1934-1939.
[41]
Zullino S, Clemenza S, Mecacci F, et al. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and implications along pregnancy: a focus on the placenta[J]. Reprod Sci, 2022, 29(5):1414-1423.
[42]
Wat J M, Hawrylyshyn K, Baczyk D, et al. Effects of glycol-split low molecular weight heparin on placental, endothelial, and anti-inflammatory pathways relevant to preeclampsia[J]. Biol Reprod, 2018, 99(5): 1082-1090.
[43]
Skeith L, Blondon M, Áinle F.Understanding and preventing placenta-mediated pregnancy complications[J]. Hamostaseologie, 2020, 40(3): 356-363.
2023, Vol. 34 
