Tomaszewski J J,Maldone M C,Schuste R T,et al. tFactors affecting blood loss during percutaneous nephroIithoto my using balloon dilation in a large contemporary series[J].J Endourol,2010,24(2):207-211.
[3]
Yamaguch I A,Skolarikos A,Buchholz N P,et al.Operating times and bleeding complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:a comparison of tract dilate-on methods in 5 537 patients in the c1inical research office of the endour-olog-ical society percutaneous nephrolithotomy global study[J].J Endour,2011,25(6):933-939.
HackerA, Weudt N L, Honeck G P, et al. A biological model to teach pereutaneous.nephrdithotomytechnique with ultrasnundand fluoroscopy-guided access[J]. Endourol,2007,21(5):545-550.
[6]
Aasin A, Ziaee A M, Kianian H R, et al. Ultrasouographic versus fluoroscopic access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy:a rndomized clinical trial[J].Endourol,2008,22(2):281-284.
2018, Vol. 29 
