Objective To investigate the disease characteristics of soldiers of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces (CAPF)in fighting flood and providing disaster relief in high-temperature and high-humidity environments so as to provide reference for similar rescue missions in the future.Methods Medical information was collected from CAPF troops in the course of fighting flood and providing disaster relief in 2016. Data was sorted out and analyzed using Excel according to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10).Results There were 1745 valid cases and 1921 cases of single diseases from1796 soldiers who had visited clinical doctors. There were more patients in dermatology (709 cases), surgery (616 cases) and internal medicine (274 cases) than in the other departments. Eczema (142 cases), dermatitis (94 cases), folliculitis (80 cases) and tineapedis (79 cases) were prevalent dermal diseases of. Injuries of joints (238 cases) and muscles (242 cases) were the most common single diseases for surgery. Upper respiratory infections (117 cases), enterogastritis (39 cases) and gastroesophagitis (22 cases) were common cases for internal medicine. In the early stage of disaster rescue, patients who suffered from dermal diseases made up more than half (57.53%) of the total number of patients treated during the 5-day medical consultations. With the progress of the task, the proportion of skin diseases decreased while the proportion of training injuries increased and reached the peak (49.69%) in the late stage. The proportion of diseases for internal medicine did not obviously fluctuate (10%-18%) throughout the mission.Conclusions Identifying the disease spectrum and incidence characteristics of CAPF soldiers in fighting flood and providing disaster relief may contribute to proper allocation of medical resources and to better healthcare in the future.