Characteristics of gastric emptying during entire water drinking process for bowel preparation in elderly patients undergoing colonoscopy under gastric antrum ultrasonography
ZHANG Lijuan1,2, SHI Haiyan3, LIU Ying2, LI Ting4, NIE Dan3, MA Yanlan5
1. Medical College of PLA,Beijing 100853,China; 2. Department of Hematology, 3. Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 4. Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; 5. Health Service Training Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the characteristics of gastric emptying during the entire water drinking process for bowel preparation for colonoscopy in elderly patients. Methods A total of 108 elderly patients who underwent colonoscopy in two grade A hospitals in Beijing from April to September 2024 were selected. Gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured via single-plane ultrasonography at fasting and after five water drinking intervals. Gastric emptying rate (GER) was calculated using a standardized formula. Results Ninety-nine elderly patients completed gastric antral ultrasonography monitoring. The first defecation occurred between the 1st and 4th water drinking intervals. The gastric antral CSA reached its peak (mean: 32.94 cm2-38.64 cm2, equivalent to 500 ml-600 ml) immediately after the 3rd water intake. Post-defecation gastric emptying rates were significantly higher than pre-defecation rates (47.54%-55.09%, P< 0.05). Conclusions Gastric emptying is delayed during the early phase of water intake for bowel preparation in elderly patients but accelerates after the first defecation. Tailoring hydration strategies based on these gastric emptying characteristics may improve comfort and safety during bowel preparation.
张丽娟, 石海燕, 刘莹, 李婷, 聂丹, 马燕兰. 胃窦超声下老年人结肠镜检查肠道准备饮水全程中胃排空的特点[J]. 武警医学, 2025, 36(4): 281-284.
ZHANG Lijuan, SHI Haiyan, LIU Ying, LI Ting, NIE Dan, MA Yanlan. Characteristics of gastric emptying during entire water drinking process for bowel preparation in elderly patients undergoing colonoscopy under gastric antrum ultrasonography. Med. J. Chin. Peop. Armed Poli. Forc., 2025, 36(4): 281-284.
Millien V O, Mansour N M. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy in 2020: a look at the past, present,and future[J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep,2020,22(6):28.
[2]
Neilson L J, Thirugnanasothy S, Rees C J. Colonoscopy in the very elderly[J]. Br Med Bull,2018 ,127(1):33-41.
[3]
Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2019,16(12):713-732.
[4]
Hernandez P V, Horsley-Silva J L, Snyder D L, et al. Effect of bowel preparation volume in inpatient colonoscopy. Results of a prospective, randomized, comparative pilot study[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2020,20(1):227.
Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline-update 2019[J]. Endoscopy,2019,51(8):775-794.
Stillhart C, Asteriadis A, Bocharova E, et al. The impact of advanced age on gastrointestinal characteristics that are relevant to oral drug absorption: an AGePOP review[J]. Eur J Pharm Sci,2023,187:106452.
[10]
Shin H J, Koo B W, Lim D, et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in older adults after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluids: a prospective, nonrandomized, and noninferiority comparative study[J]. Can J Anaesth,2022 ,69(9):1160-1166.
Coriat R, Polin V, Oudjit A, et al. Gastric emptying evaluation by ultrasound prior colonoscopy: an easy tool following bowel preparation[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014 ,20(37):13591-8.
Tan Y, Wang X, Yang H, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of preoperative gastric volume in patients with dyspepsia: a prospective observational study[J]. BMC Anesthesiol,2022,22(1):21.
Taskin G, Inal V, Yamanel L. Does ultrasonographic assessment of gastric antrum correlate with gastric residual volume in critically ill patients? A prospective observational study[J]. J Clin Monit Comput,2021 ,35(4):923-929.
[17]
Heinz E R, Al-Qudsi O, Convissar D L, et al. Gastric point of care ultrasound in adults: image acquisition and interpretation[J]. J Vis Exp,2023,22(199): e65707.
Haramgatti A, Sharma S, Kumar A, et al. Comparison of ultrasound-guided residual gastric volume measurement between diabetic and non-diabetic patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia[J]. Saudi J Anaesth, 2022 ,16(3):355-360.
2025, Vol. 36 
