Abstract: Human capital is the most valuable resources of research activities. The degree of compensation of technical human capital will have profound impact on the motivation and behavior of researchers when they carrying our research work, and even determines the output level of the entire national scientific and technological innovation system and output quality. This paper analyzes the issues and causes of the current compensation of technical human capital in China. The low wages of researchers, the double-track system of human capital and the phenomenon which love things and use people will seriously hamper the development of China's long-term scientific research. The causes for these problems are following: the low proportion of safeguard allocations, the failure to guide and keep pace with the time of payroll management policy, the insufficient respect of the value of labor, and so on. This paper concludes with policy recommendations to optimize the compensation system of technical human capital in China.

摘要： 人力资本是科研活动中最宝贵的资源，科研人力资本的补偿力度深刻影响着科研人员开展科研工作的积极性与行为，乃至决定着整个国家科技创新体系的产出水平与产出质量。本文深入分析了当前我国科研人力资本补偿存在的问题与成因，科研人员工资收入低、人力资本双轨制以及重物轻人等现象的存在严重制约了我国科学研究的长期发展，而造成这些问题的原因在于保障性拨款比例过低、工资管理政策未能做到分类指导以及与时俱进、科研劳动价值尚未得到足够尊重等。本文最后提出了优化我国科研人力资本补偿体制的政策建议。

关键词: 科研, 人力资本补偿, 保障性拨款, 双轨制, scientific research, compensation of human capital, safeguard allocations, double-track system