Abstract: Under the constraints of external policy and internal resource, whether the patent behaviors of Chinese enterprises exist the phenomenon of dissimilation that deviate from original intention of technological innovation and market competition? Does the company's capability to create, utilize and protect patents really helps the improvement of competitiveness? This is a common concern of academics, governments and businesses in the last decade. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between the R&D intensity and patent application motivation, as well as the patent ability and the enterprise performance by using 219 intellectual property advantages/demonstration enterprises of Shenzhen as the full samples. Research results show that, in sample enterprises, the R&D intensity positively affects application motivation of patents which are higher degree related to technological innovation. The patent capability, on the whole, has a significant positive impact on enterprise performance. However, there are significant differences in the impacts of patent creation capability, utilization capability and protection capability on enterprise performance, which reveals that current patent policy needs to be adjusted accordingly.

摘要： 在外部政策和内部资源双重约束下，中国企业专利行为是否存在背离技术创新和市场竞争的“异化”现象？专利创造、运用和保护能力在多大程度上有助于企业竞争力的提升？这是近十年来学界、政府和企业共同关注的问题。本文选取深圳市219家知识产权优势/示范企业作为全样本，对企业研发强度与专利申请动机、专利能力与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明：样本企业的研发强度显著正向影响与技术创新强相关的专利申请动机，但与技术创新弱相关的专利申请动机无显著相关关系；总体而言，专利能力与企业绩效呈显著正相关关系，但专利创造能力、运用能力和保护能力对企业绩效的作用存在显著差异。上述研究结果对现行专利政策的调整和完善具有启发意义。