Abstract: The technological and economic decoupling between China and the United States further highlights the urgency of China's key technological innovation breakthroughs. This paper constructs the key technology classification system from the two dimensions of the key technologies: characteristic of technical law and the development level of this technology in China. Furthermore, from the perspective of innovation ecosystem, the organization modes and R&D modes suitable for different types of key technologies are further summarized. We find that the national system mode with strong government intervention is suitable for the aggregate technologies; The industry-university-research cooperation mode with more autonomy is suitable for the bottleneck technologies; the core enterprise leadership mode driven by entrepreneurship is suitable for the open technologies; the flexible and open nonprofit-led mode is suitable for the exploratory technologies. The conclusion of this study provides theoretical reference for the organization mode design of key technologies and government policy making in China.

摘要： 中美科技经济脱钩进一步凸显了我国关键核心技术创新突破的紧迫性。本文从关键核心技术规律特征、我国该项技术发展水平这两个维度构建关键核心技术系统分类体系。并且从创新生态系统的角度，进一步总结出不同类型关键核心技术适用的创新生态系统组织方式和研发模式。我们发现，集成型技术适用政府强力干预的新型举国体制模式；攻关型技术适用研究院所拥有更多自主权的放权型产学研合作模式；开放型技术适用企业家精神推动的核心企业领导模式；探索型技术适用灵活开放的非营利机构主导模式。研究结论为我国关键核心技术高效创新组织方式设计及政府制定政策提供理论参考。