Abstract: Tracing and exploring how scientific research can effectively promote technological innovation is an important issue in the field of innovation management and policy research. Considering the important strategic position of the instrument industry and its close linkage with science, this paper investigates the heterogeneous impacts of the different properties of scientific knowledge on performance of science-based innovation in the instrument industry. It does so by analyzing granted patents data in the field of measurement in the US Patent and Trademark Office for the period from 2005 to 2019 and their citations data to scientific publications using negative binomial regression. The properties of scientific knowledge embedded in science-based innovation are measured in four dimensions, that is, degree of scientific linkage, quality of scientific knowledge, diversity of scientific knowledge sources, and spillover cycle of scientific research. This paper contributes to understand the process of "science-based innovation" and enrich the relevant empirical evidence on the impacts of scientific knowledge on technological innovation. The main findings are as follows. Empirical analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped interaction between scientific knowledge and technological innovation. More specifically, both degree of science linkage and science quality have an inverted U-shaped effect on patent quality, measured by the number of citations. When the scientific quality exceeds a certain threshold, the number of forward citations of patents decreases. The increase in the quantity and quality of scientific knowledge increases the complexity of patents and thus may limit their proliferation. This finding indicates that factors such as industry characteristics, knowledge background complexity, stage of development of science and technology influence the interactive relationship between the development of technology and science. Instrument innovation, characterized with user innovation that are mainly researchers and academic professionals, are closely related to development of scientific knowledge and present a bidirectional causality relationship, that is, the development of instrument technology may drive the advance of scientific research. The technological innovation of instruments significantly relies on more recent scientific knowledge than old scientific knowledge, implying that the updated scientific knowledge is important for latecomer countries to catch up in development of instrumental technology. The diversity of knowledge sources has a negative impact on patent quality, while the consistency of patent holders and authors of their cited scientific publications significantly promotes patent quality. Meanwhile, instrument innovation shows a high degree of knowledge-technology agglomeration at the regional level, indicating that the geographical boundary of the scientific knowledge significantly influence the output of high-quality patents. Domestic-produced scientific knowledge and scientific knowledge generated in developed economies are more important for technological innovation of instrument. These findings have two policy implications on identifying the technological development direction with innovation potential. On the one hand, it provides policy implications for the layout and catch-up strategy of indigenous innovation instrument industry resulting from updated scientific research in China and other late-comer economies; On the other hand, it helps to draw up effective measures for developing the catch-up of key and core technology innovation in China.

摘要： 追踪和探讨科学研究如何有效的促进技术创新是创新管理与政策研究领域的重要问题。本文利用美国专利及商标局2005-2019年的专利数据与引用科学文献的数据，研究仪器产业科学知识的异质性特征对创新绩效的影响。研究发现科学关联度与科学质量均对专利质量表现出倒U型影响；仪器领域的技术创新对近期科学知识的依赖显著强于远期科学知识；知识来源多样性对专利质量表现出负向的影响，专利权人与科学文献作者来源的一致性对技术创新起到积极的促进作用，仪器创新呈现出高度的知识—技术区域集聚性特征。这些结论可为促进我国仪器产业自主创新提供一定的政策启示。