Abstract: At present, AI governance is gradually moving towards the era of legal governance, with obvious "national differences" characteristics. The most representative AI governance models are the EU's centralized governance model guided by ethics priority and the US's decentralized governance model guided by innovation priority. The study of the internal formation logic, characteristics and difficulties of AI governance models in the United States and Europe is of great benefit to the reflection and construction of AI governance systems in line with national conditions. The article compares and analyzes the differences of AI governance system between the United States and the European Union from five aspects: governance concept, governance structure, governance subject, governance intensity and governance dilemma. On this basis, it discusses the general issues and principles that should be paid attention to during the construction of the national AI governance system, such as paying attention to the tension between path dependence and model transplantation, balancing the relationship between "development" and "ethics", etc.

摘要： 当前，AI治理逐渐走向法律治理时代，且呈现明显的“国别差异”特征。最有代表性的AI治理模式，分别是欧盟的以伦理优先为导向的集中式治理模式，和美国以创新优先为导向的分散式治理模式。研究美、欧AI治理模式的内在形成逻辑、特征及其所面临的困境，对于反思、构建符合本国国情的AI治理体系，大有裨益。文章从治理理念、治理架构、治理主体、治理强度、治理困境五个方面，比较分析了美国、欧盟AI治理体系的差异。在此基础上，探讨了国家我国人工智能治理体系构建过程所应注意的普遍问题与原则，如重视路径依赖与模式移植间的张力、平衡“发展”与“伦理”间的关系、独立自主与国际融入间的协调、 国家规制与多元参与间的协同等。