Abstract: After the completion of the “301 Investigation” by the United States on China's intellectual property, innovation, and other fields, the United States has frequently imposed tariffs on products imported from China, implemented export controls, and establish “Entity List” for Chinese science and technology enterprises, which generated a complex and far-reaching impact on China's scientific and technological development. At the same time, Chinese government also adopted equivalent tariff countermeasures and issued multiple protection and incentive policies in high-tech fields such as independent research and development of chips and operating systems to reduce the negative impact of the US technology crackdown on China. And, based on China's special economic operation system, local governments, as the executing entities of central policies, can promote the development of specific industries by allocating resources in funds, talent, and land. The above facts and background lead to the question that this article aims to explore: how can local governments play a role in creating a favorable living environment for science and technology enterprises under the impact of technology suppression in the United States, thereby promoting the entry of science and technology enterprises and achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in technology? Therefore, referring to the realistic background of the US's suppression of China's scientific and technological development, this paper evaluates the impact of the US's implementation of scientific and technological repression on the proportion of technological enterprises entering at the urban level in China. Using the registration information of Chinese technology-based enterprises January 2017 to December 2019, we construct monthly enterprise entry data for Chinese cities and used difference-in-differences method to identify how trade frictions affect China's industrial structure adjustment by affecting the proportion of technology-based enterprises entering. Results show that cities that have been greatly impacted by trade frictions have seen a significant increase in the number and proportion of science and technology enterprises entering, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. In addition, in cities with a high proportion of foreign-funded enterprises and strong export conversion capabilities, the reverse effect of trade frictions is stronger, and the upgrading effect of industrial structure is more significant. Furthermore, this paper finds that local governments play an important role in alleviating the negative impact of science and technology industry under the United States's technology crackdown. Specifically, local governments can increase capital for technology development, attract talents and improve land supply to create a good external environment for the development of technology enterprises, and then optimizes the urban industrial structure. In summary, this article has significant practical significance and provides useful insights. When facing sudden technological suppression from specific trading partners, in the short term, local governments should take measures to actively promote the optimization of resource allocation, thereby reducing the negative impact of external shocks; in the long run, the government should lay out long-term strategies, such as promoting diversified international cooperation and improving core technological level. By combining short-term and long-term strategies, as well as internal and external strategies, enterprises can fully enhance their resilience in the face of sudden shocks, thereby promoting high-quality economic development.

摘要： 基于美国打压中国科技发展的现实背景，文章从科技型企业进入视角出发，评估了在本轮贸易摩擦中，美国实施科技打压对中国城市科技企业进入占比的影响。利用2017-2019年中国科技型企业注册信息，构建中国城市-月度企业进入数据，并利用双重差分方法识别样本期内贸易摩擦如何通过影响科技型企业进入比例进而影响中国的产业结构调整。结果表明，受到贸易摩擦冲击较大的城市，科技型企业进入数量和占比显著增加，并且在外资企业占比较高、出口转换能力较强的城市中，贸易摩擦冲击的倒逼效应更强，产业结构升级效应更加显著。进一步，文章发现地方政府在缓解美国科技打压带来的负面冲击中扮演重要作用，通过为科技发展增资、引才以及提高土地供应，为科技企业发展营造一个良好的外部环境，吸引科技型企业进入，进而优化城市产业结构。