Whether the propositional formula“2+2=4”is a judgement based on experience and intuition or the result of rigorous process of mathematics? Barnes and Bloor insist on the examination of the above formula ascribe to the vision of sociology, unfortunately it’s unmatched with the nature of mathematical knowledge. Mathematics has the features of deep difference under the multiple fields of vision such as idealization and virtuality as well as the association with the reality and experience world. The genealogy among the rigorous, deductive, empirical, applicative aspects was correlated with diversity internalization and hierarchy identity of mathematical knowledge.
In the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the railway transport network is an important technic ensurance for the regional economic cooperation. According to the traditional view of technology, the railway, as a technical artifact, can be replicated and diffused in different contexts according to their own logic standard. However, the tortuous destiny of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway has indicated that the meaning of the railway had been continuous reshaped by the various local elements, such as economic, cultural, social, especially geopolitics, in the cross-cultural, border, and national process of diffusion. This enlighten us that in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, we should go beyond positivism view of technology, and conscious of local heterogeneous elements in the technology diffusion. Furthermore, with the new thinking of globalization development, we should carry forward the spirit of “peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit”, and keep the principle of “jointly built through consultation to meet the interests of all”, and try to break the geopolitical thinking, reflect and enhance the value pursuit of international relations, in order to advance the connectivity projects to a new level.
The problem of Chinese patent featuring “large number and poor quality” has become increasing significant. Academy and industry has been gradually emphasizing and recognizing the patent agency cervices’ role in technological innovation. However, the issue of enhancement and confirmation of patent agency services standard has not been fully argued and clearly answered. Empirical study is carried out based on relevant literature researches, we test the research hypotheses that the influence of patent agents’ competency on patent technology quality and patent application quality one by one, and quantify the influence degree and path of patent agents’ competency to patent quality. The results indicate that the patent agents’ knowledge structure, occupational ability, professional quality, personality and development motivation have a significant positive impact on patent technology quality; the patent agents’ skill experience, knowledge structure, sociability, professional quality, foreign language skills and occupational quality have a significant positive impact on quality of patent application. Researches on the relationship between patent agents’ competency and patent quality contribute to guide the formulation of patent agency industry standards, division of patents rank and formulation of related policies, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of the policy measures of solving the realistic problem existing in Chinese patent at present.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a new explanation for conducing R&D in in developing countries with weak intellectual property rights (IPR) protection by MNEs. On the basis of structural embeddedness framework, knowledge developed in weak IPR country implant into knowledge module in global R&D network. The resulting “implicity” service as protection mechanism for innovation. By using self-citation ratio of patents as measurement of strength of structural embeddedness, econometric results prove structural embeddedness is good substitute of weak IPR protection for innovation. At last, we propose corresponding advices for manager and policy-maker.
With technology similarity measuring R&D spillover effects, the various paths and influences of R&D and other resources on technological progress were discussed based on Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) Model. The results show that technology gap has an asymmetric and positive effect on technological progress rate under the influence of technology gap in the high-tech industry. With the changes of the technology gap, human capital plays a diverse role in technological progress rate through the “collaboration effects” and “learning effects”. Although narrowing the technology gap can promote the technological progress, the high concentration of R&D activities in high-tech industry is not conducive to spillover effect and thus reduces the speed of technological progress. In the end, economic growth can make a contribution to the technological progress. Technology gap creates space for technological progress. Therefore, in order to realize technological progress as well as economic growth, each province should introduce the appropriate high technology and promote the collaborative innovation with other regions.
Abstract：This paper investigates the impact of government funding on R&D expenditure and efficiency of private firms through the Ordered Probit Model and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model based on the data accruing from questionnaires to private firms in Beijing. The outcome of this research indicates that the increasing of government funding could improve firms’ R&D expenditure significantly, but insignificant to its R&D efficiency. Moreover, the R&D capability of firms could also increase the R&D expenditure significantly. Meanwhile, the cost of accruing government funding, the size of the firm and the industrial nature of the firm also have important influence on its R&D efficiency.
Based on the sample data spanning from 2008 to 2013 of private small and medium-sized listed firms, this paper examines the impact of government subsidies on the firms’ R&D investment from a new perspective of political connection. The empirical results show that private firms with political connection do get more government subsidies, and moreover, the poorer the institutional environments are, the more meaningful for private firms to establish political connection. For private firms with political connection, government subsidies exert “stimulation effect” on R&D investment, which means that establishing political connection is an efficiency-promoting behavior for private firms. The results still exist when endogenous problems are controlled. From the view of the government, political connection has become a supervision mechanism by restricting the managers’ abuse of funds to increase operating efficiency of private firms and achieve the goal of policies so as to promote the development of national economy.
In the light of structure view and cognitive view, firstly the study put forward a conceptual model and several hypotheses about how corporate research personnel’ R&D (research and development) collaboration network affects the process of scientific knowledge application. Second, the study builds the research personnels R&D collaboration network by bridging the co-publication network and co-invention network based on the SCI papers and patents data of ISIP respectively, with bridging scientists, and tests the hypotheses empirically with negative binomail regression model. Last, the study empirically finds that the impact of corporate research personnels’ scientific research on technological innovation performance is positive but not robust, and the relationship is significantly positively moderated by corporate research personnels’ GAREKEPPER roles reflecting their alters’ heterogeneous knowledge structure, instead of their network positions of structure hole, BROKER roles or COORDINATOR roles.
Using I-U cooperative patents of organic chemical industry, this paper analyzes the patent map and constructs negative binomial regression models based on unbalanced panel data, the models use enterprise’s independent innovation performance(IIP) as dependent variable. Through the models, this paper study how the enterprise’s relational potential energy (RPE) influence the IIP and inspect how the geographic boundary spanning of enterprise’s cooperative network moderates the relationship between RPE and IIP. The results show that organic chemical industry has grown slowly in recent years and geographic boundary is spanning, the direct tie scale and the indirect tie strength both have positive effects on IIP, the geographic boundary spanning moderates the relationship between the indirect RPE and IIP.
Based on the innovation capability structure perspective, the study deconstructs the enterprises’ boundary-spanning search (BSS) from the organization-technology dimension, and analyzes their different influence on the organizational ambidexterity capability (OAC). The main results are shown as following: First, the BSS behavior can be divided into organizational and technological boundary spanning, which can be further divided into technology-driven and market-driven BSS, generic technology-oriented and product technology-oriented BSS. Secondly, the different dimensions have variant influences on OAC. Technology-driven and generic technology-oriented BSS have positive influences on exploratory capability, while market-driven, generic technology-oriented and product technology-oriented BSS have positive influence on exploitative capability. Thirdly, the research breaks through the theoretical assumption in March (1991) and finds that the OAC is not absolutely exclusive; the exploratory capability has significant positive impact on exploitative capability. The conclusions expand the perspective and dimension of organization search theory, which enrich the empirical studies about organizational ambidexterity in the context of emerging economy.
As one of the research path of open innovation paradigm, user participation innovation is mainly studies how enterprises cooperation with users in the development of new knowledge or new ideas. With the implementation of national strategies and policies, the mass innovation has become a basic guide of research and practice, and innovative management system enters into the evolution of innovation 2.0, the era of mass innovation democratization. Apple, P & G, Merck, Haier, Tencent, etc., there are more and more organizations use crowd model to solve the toughest research problems of innovation. This article firstly based Web of Knowledge of SSCI database data sources, conduct search crowd innovation related topics. By reading and combing through documents, the article summarizes the origins of crowd innovation, meaning and attribution, then the crowd innovation - the essence of knowledge innovation as the starting point and the core, extending to the knowledge identification, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer, three dimensions to establish the cognitive framework of crowd innovation, and compare the crowd innovation practice between P & G and Haier. This make us have a systematic understanding of the crowd innovation, laying the foundation for further innovation and empirical studies.
Disruptive innovation plays a significant part in driving industrial development. We investigate the role of technological regimes in the influence of disruptive innovation on industry evolution in terms of technological opportunity and appropriating condition. Results find that with more opportunities and lower appropriate condition, the disruption is speeding up, firms’ average age tends to be lower, and market shares of incumbent firms and number of survival incumbent are becoming smaller. This paper provides reference for firms to allocate their resources properly and for government to implement some relevance policies according to technological regimes.
Servitization of manufacturing and service productization is a new trend to manufacturing enterprise’s business model innovation. This article introduces new theory of service dominant logic, from the perspective of the user's value proposition to measure business model innovation, like value proposition could be classified as functional and emotional value proposition, and analyses the theoretical framework of three, aiming to explore the relationship of business model innovation and manufacturing service performance. Meanwhile, this paper taking 339 manufacturing enterprise as the research object, divides the sample into two kinds of value proposition, and establish simultaneous equation model to empirically test triadic relation. This research shows that: business model innovation plays a role as adjustment to performance of servitization, provide emotional value proposition is higher than functional value proposition of enterprise performance, and the degree of servitization has a 'U' relationship with the performance of manufacturers.
Design is a very important driving force of innovation which has been getting increasing attention by entrepreneurs and academic researchers. This paper purpose to explore how different dimensions of design influence customers` perceived quality, purchase intention and word of mouth for incremental and radical innovation. Using data from two samples of incremental innovation and radical innovation, the results indicate that for incremental innovation, aesthetic and functional dimensions of design not only have significantly direct influence on customers` purchase intention and word of mouth but also have indirect influence on customers` purchase intention and word of mouth. For radical innovation, aesthetic and functional dimensions of design have to influence on customers purchase intention and word of mouth indirectly through customers` perceived quality. Furthermore, no difference was found between incremental and radical innovation for the effects of symbolic dimension of design on customers purchase intention and word of mouth, the symbolic dimension of design has a directly positive influence on customers purchase intention and word of mouth but has insignificant influence on customers` perceived quality for both innovation categories.
