After the publication of ‘The Third Wave of Science Studies’ by Harry Collins and Robert Evans, Sheila Jasanoff and Brian Wynne both expressed their views on democratization of science of great difference, then the two sides fall into the debate of the limit of participation. The two sides focus on science, but ignored the locality of democracy especially and followed the current democratic ideals without rethinking. Therefore, the essence of the debate lies on which democratic ideal is suitable for democratization of science. Political philosophy analysis will promote the understanding of the theoretical basis of democratization of science.
Trust in expertise and experts is an important cornerstone of modern society, and it has great significance for public life, development of science and industry and national governance. However, there is a crisis of trust in expertise and experts in current China, and it will not only shake the foundation of social trust, but also threaten healthy developments of the society. Survey results show that experts associated with interests, different risk concepts between scientific experts and ordinary citizens and a poor scientific communication are main factors causing the crisis of trust in expertise and expert in China. Therefor, trust in expertise and experts must be reshaped to guard against anti-intellectualism and populism kidnapping society and experts in current China. To this end, related interests of experts should be cut off to make experts value-neutral, public understanding of science and public participation in science should be promoted to enhance the communication between scientific experts and ordinary citizens, governance of science communication media should be strengthened to improve the results of science communication.
This article aims to analyze the structural characteristics and the evolution pattern of cooperation networks of the award-winning institutions in the National Science and Technology Progress Awards. Via a perspective of Social Network Analysis, based on the structural information deeply hidden behind the cooperation networks, combining theories of sociology and management science, we proposed and tested several hypotheses about the system structure of the national science and technology award and revealed that the whole cooperation network is converging and some certain core component has come to emerge.
National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) is an important member of the national innovation system. The research on the impact mechanism of resource input factors on the performance of NEL, is conducive to improve the national engineering innovation system. On the basis of the questionnaire survey on the NEL being constructed, this paper analyzed the impact mechanism of resource factors on the performance of NEL using the PLS structural equation model. Some conclusions were drawn from the research: the financial support has a positive influence on the output ability and effect of NEL; the human capital and fixed assets have no direct significant impact on the effect of the NEL but a positive influence on the output ability of NEL and a further indirect influence on the effect of NEL. The conclusion of this paper is that how to take measures to effectively play the role of NEL has policy implications.
Industry innovation should not only pay attention to the promotion of innovation ability of each subsystem, but also lay emphasis on synergistic effect of the innovative composite system. Since ICT is the fundamental industry, analyzing the collaborative development of the ICT industry can enhance the innovation capability of ICT industry and promote innovation development of other industry. Firstly, the paper constructs a theoretical model of ICT industry’s composite innovation system based on the complex system. Secondly, it gives an empirical analysis of ICT industry’s composite innovation system using the panel data from 2003 to 2013. The conclusion indicates that the synergy degree of ICT industry’s composite innovation system is at a low level, and vibrates from 2009 to 2010. The main reason could be that system innovation subsystem is not cooperative and the order degree of innovation environment subsystem is at a low level in a long period of time. Then, it gives policy recommendations in response to the problems. At last, the paper presents the insufficiency of the research and points out research direction in depth.
Abstract: IPR Protection has become the main engine of economic growth and gained wide attentions. Our paper, based on the the views of Woo et al(2015), departs IPR protection into direct effects and indirect effects to analyse the mechanism of middle income trap. Then we collect data from 42 countries to test what we find theoretically and get the follow conclusions: Firstly, middle income counties have weak direct effects while high income counties have strong direct effects; secondly, there exist a non-liner relationship between IPR protection and innovation in the middle income counties, and innovation is the most important factor for middle income counties’ economic growth; finally, high income counties have strong positive relationship between IPR protection and innovation, but the relationship between innovation and economic growth within high income country is weak.
Based on the literature review and China IP strategy, the paper makes an overview on some key points of China patent system, which include the cost and cycle of patent, the situation of patent use, the national IP protection level and main characters of patent litigation. Then it does comparisons from the perspective of patent motives, patent protection, patent litigation, and patent value. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the methods on how to expand the academic research of enterprise patent behavior on the patent survey platform, as well as raise a framework on how to find more academic implications for the optimal choices on patent system, optimal rules in the market and optimal performance of patent policy. The paper contributes to further explore the economic significance of China patent survey and call on the government to strengthen the academic use of it.
Under the background of one-size-fits-all patent system, the optimizing function of monetary reward system is outstanding with high operability and controllable targeting. Yet such system is made without complete theory and effective quantitative tool. The article employed elasticity, a commodity attribute of patent, to study the target of the patent monetary reward system and the way of its optimization. The article established the deadweight loss ratio evaluation model by studying the relationship between patent elasticity and deadweight loss. It is a new try to apply elasticity theory to patent field which may afford basis for deeply tapping the potentials, improving the relative efficiency, and reducing deadweight loss ratio of the patent reward system. The method developed in this article proved to be practical and effective after examining the performance of China Patent System empirically with the data of Chinese patent application since its implementation.
This paper examines the relationship among acquirers’ characteristics, R&D investment after M&A and technology M&A innovation performance. Based on the 93 technology M&A events from 2007 to 2012, this paper firstly applying factor analysis obtained the acquirer’s characteristics, namely M&A maturity, financial resources and corporate governance, and then dive into the relationship between acquirer’s characteristics and M&A innovation performance, and further explored the moderating role of R&D investment in the relationship. The study finds that M&A innovation performance is positively related with M&A maturity and financial resources, while has no relationship with corporate governance. Moreover, R&D investment increase can weaken the effect of M&A maturity on M&A innovation performance and strengthen the relationship between financial resources and M&A innovation performance. The findings could positively contribute to the decision making on technology M&A and R&D investment.
Based on related literatures of university-industry-government triple helix and entrepreneurial researches, in this paper we disclose the black box of internal operation in the triple-helix system. From the three characteristics dimensions of the triple helix system, namely, collaboration, network relationship and complementary synergy, and with regional entrepreneurship environment as the intermediary variable, this paper empirically examine the influence of the triple helix system of university-industry-government collaboration on the level of regional entrepreneurship. The results show that the collaboration, network relations, and complementary synergy have significantly positive influences on the level of entrepreneurship, and so does the regional entrepreneurial environment. The group analysis based on regional classification shows that, in the regions with higher level of economic development, the factors of collaboration and network relationship have significant positive influence on the level of regional entrepreneurship, while in the regions with the ordinary level of economic development, it is the factor of complementary synergy among the triple helix system that causes the significant influence on the level of regional entrepreneurship in China.
This paper studies the influence mechanism between strategic propensity (especially risk-taking propensity and proactive propensity) and entrepreneurial learning based on Chinese entrepreneurial practice, which aims to improve the efficiency and effect of entrepreneurial learning. At the same time, this paper introduces into environmental dynamism and explores how it moderates the relationships between strategic orientation (especially risk-taking propensity and proactive propensity) and entrepreneurial learning. This study tries to explore how Chinese entrepreneurial environment context influences entrepreneurial learning. Finally we get results through analyzing 332 Chinese new ventures and find that both risk-taking propensity and proactive propensity positively influence entrepreneurial learning; environmental dynamism positively moderates the relationship between risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurial learning; environmental dynamism negatively moderates the relationship between proactive propensity and entrepreneurial learning.
This paper described the whole process of Wechat R&D that is of special relevance to open services innovation. Not only dynamic evolution but also the synergy mechanisms have been distinguished. This paper defined the dynamic evolution of Wechat in terms of its vertical development from user involvement innovation phase, external participation innovation phase, platform innovation phase to multi-platform innovation phase. The operation team fulfilled its innovation objectives with different strategies, such as user collaboration, external resources utilization, open platform strategy and cross-border cooperation. Based on the analysis of dynamic evolution, the synergy mechanisms of open services innovation on the basis of innovative environment, the interactive network of innovative sources and business platform is developed. This study found that the platform innovation of interaction between Wechat team, external organizations and users is the core and essence of open services innovation.
Based on the framework of Multi-level perspectives (MLP), this paper proposes the evolution model of innovation ecosystem, and divides the evolution of innovation ecosystem into three periods, which are technology protection, market selection, and competition diffusion, combining the characteristics of technology niche, market niche, and social technology regime. Then the effectiveness of the model is verified with the case study on the innovation ecosystem of new energy public transportation in Shenzhen. The results show that the innovation ecosystem evolves orderly through the stage of technology protection, market selection, competition diffusion; the developing strategies of focal firms make decisive effect on the development of the innovation ecosystem; policy support plays an crucial supporting role to the evolution of the innovation ecosystem; the evolution of innovation ecosystem is the synergism and co-operative results of these actors in the system. The results are important for deepening and developing the strategy of new energy transportation.
Exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation are important for firms’ sustaining of their competitive advantage. Entrepreneurial orientation(EO) and learning orientation(LO), on the other hand, may facilitate the noted two types of innovation with their pro-activeness, innovativeness, aggressiveness, and the intention towarding continuous study, but in different ways. Therefore, to investigate the different mechanisms and the moderating effect of market competition, this study builds a conceptual model which depicts the relationships between strategy orientation, technology innovation and market competition. Using 404 firm-level survey data, the results show that (1) compared to LO, EO has a stronger positive effect on exploratory innovation and a weaker positive effect on exploitative innovation. (2) as the market competition goes high, EO leads to high level of exploratory innovation while LO leads to low one. This study contributes to the relationship research of strategy orientation with technology innovation and innovation management practice under the fierce competition.
Based on 402 valid questionnaires, this paper uses the fit idea in contingency theory and the covariance analysis method which uses the comparison of first order model and second order model, to discuss the impact of variables fit on job performance of employee innovation behavior in individual level and resources adequacy, innovation legitimacy and innovative culture in organizational level. The result shows that: (1) innovation behavior and innovation legitimacy have significantly impacts on job performance, but resource adequacy and innovation culture don’t have significantly impacts on job performance; (2) the fit effect of innovation behavior, resource adequacy, innovation legitimacy and innovation culture on job performance is better than the effect of individual variables on job performance. Based on this, this paper discusses and analyzes the research results, and gives the corresponding conclusions and suggestions.
As a new cluster innovation mode which different from the independent innovation and cooperative innovation between enterprises, SCAI spiral model reveals an innovation mechanism, in which the spilled knowledge after external sublimation and then back to the spilled enterprise through active knowledge acquisition activity. This part of knowledge created outside have a high homology so it can absorb and integrate by spilled enterprise no barriers. By adopting the method of single case study, this article choose DALIAN Software Park as the research object, collect interview data, archives and documents to verify the validity of all data, and encode the data by grounded theory. This paper build the SCAI spiral model and analyze the effectiveness of dimension and measuring standard, find the rule of evolution of the cluster knowledge, and reveal that the SCAI spiral model is widely used by cluster enterprise in practice. This article develop the theory of cluster innovation and cluster knowledge theory, try to expand the knowledge creation theory from the enterprise level to the cluster level, develop the study on the relationship between the knowledge spillover and the cluster performance from the perspective of knowledge producers, and form the understanding of cluster innovation in different levels.
