The paper explored the pregnancy and development of the Science of Science in Poland based on the collection of Polish Contributions to the Science of Science, which remained a striking mark in the long history of the Science of Science. The Polish scholars proposed the disciplinary term “Science of Science” firstly in the world, and it is the pioneering contribution to the Science of Science. If the new subject concept of “Science of Science” as the prelude for start-up phase in the history of Science of Science, then the “The Social Function of Science” (written by British scientist Bernal, 1939) was considered to be the peak and fundamental work in the start-up phase of Science of Science. From the perspective of the development and history of Science of Science, this contribution by Pland could be great to the world again, which followed by Copernicus’s controversial concept of a heliocentric solar system and Madame Curie’s discovery of the radioactive element.
Social survey method has been widely used in Chinese Science & Technology policy research in recent years. However, systematic reviews and evaluations on application of survey method remained rare. Based on a review of 279 papers published in S&T policy research journals that used survey methods, this article described the general scenario of the application of social survey method in S&T policy research, including number of relevant studies, research theme, research aim, sampling, variable measuring, data collecting and statistical analysis, etc. The article further discussed to what extent these papers achieved the criterion of survey methodology, summarized characteristics of S&T policy research that might have impacts on the application of survey methods, and provided suggestions on improving the quality of survey studies in S&T policy research.
Based on an intensive body of literature on open innovation, this paper adopt a typology perspective to review and classify previous literature on open innovation into three types, that is, aggregate model, profile model and complicated model. Further, it took a critical analysis of these previous literatures in terms of research observations, methodologies, empirical results and theoretical limitations following by an analysis of the different roles of each type of research on open innovation. Last, we provide a discussion about the gap between local and international research and future direction.
Based on quantifying S&T policy, this paper measured the characteristics of the S&T policy mix, described their trends and carried on the analysis of the influence of S&T policy mix on the innovation of high-tech industries during 1995-2013 using the Negative Binomial Regression Model. The paper studied the policy mix both of different kinds of S&T policy and of different polices in the same kind, and has found that: the comprehensiveness and the consistency of S&T policy mix showed growth trends generally and had a positive role to innovation; the balance of the mix of different kinds of policy tools showed an obvious growth and then became stable, while the balance of other policy mixes was lower and did not have obvious growth trends, and the effects of the balance were less stable; the impacts of policy mix on industrial innovation had regional differences, the difference of comprehensive and consistency was only in the degree, the difference of balance was both in the degree and in the direction , and the effects of the integrated coastal economic zone in the south were better than other zones in general.
This paper focuses on how the strategic motivation of global R&D of firms from emerging economies influences the design of the foreign affiliates’ entry modes. By perspective of legitimacy ambidexterity, it constructs the relative need of legitimacy. Firstly, we use the dimensions of technology characteristics and market focus to depict a fine-grained category of the strategic motivation of Chinese firms’ global R&D, namely technology pioneer, foreign market adaptor and technology excellence center. Secondly, we find that firms will face two competing forces of internal and external legitimacy appeals so as to respond to the dynamic tradeoff of the foreign affiliates. Thirdly, we claim that firms will design their entry modes of the foreign unit to balance the internal and external legitimacy. Finally, we come to a integrative framework to theoretically interpret the phenomenon of various governance mode of firms’ globalization.
In China, public R & D departments supported by the government (mainly including colleges,universities and scientific research institution) and enterprises constitute the social R&D system. In this system, the changes of government R & D funding will affect the leverage effect of public R&D investment. This paper starts from the perspective of social R&D system,uses FGLS method with the provincial panel data of industrial enterprises in 2009-2013 to explore the change of leverage effects,which caused by government R&D funding changes.The study found that there is a difference between the leverage of public R & D investment in different areas. At the place where the enterprises are highly supported by government R&D funding,it will have a positive effect on promotion of enterprise R&D investment when government supports colleges and universities,but also have a negative effect on promotion of enterprise R&D investment when government supports scientific research institution.However,where the enterprises are lowly supported by government R&D funding,the impact is completely opposite. Therefore, all the governments should pay attention to the precision of investment in public R & D investment and use policy tools in a reasonable way.
The impact of macroeconomic regulation on the enterprises investment and fiancing behavior is receiving much attention from both academic field and practice field. Based on a sample of listed companies from 2008-2012, the paper empirically examines the impact of monetary policy on the enterprise R&D expenditure, influence mechanism and the adjusting influence of monetary policy disturbance. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, loose monetary policy has significantly incentive positive on the enterprise R&D expenditure. Secondly, montary policy has both demand effect and supply effect on the enterprise R&D expenditure in China. Thirdly, monetary policy disturbance has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between monetary policy and enterprise R&D expenditure.
A paradigm shift will open windows of opportunity as well as bring high uncertainty. What catch-up paths should latecomer firms choose to catch up with leading ones in such a situation? For this question, the paradigm shift driven by new energy vehicles’ development is taken as the research context, and typical automobile enterprises are selected from China’s market; and then according to the comparative firm advantage (CFA) view, a theoretical model is built by including technologies and products of new and old paradigm, leading firms and latecomer ones. Based on the analysis three catch-up paths are identified and named phased, plunge, and hybrid respectively. These paths are significantly different in operation ways, requirements to firms’ CFAs and competitive advantages, and critical factors to catch-up fulfillment. At present, phased and plunge catch-up paths are the favorite alternatives of most Chinese enterprises. However, hybrid catch-up path should also be a future option of Chinese enterprises, especially of the state-owned enterprises.
It’s important to industrial structure upgrading and economics growth in China for promoting the financial capital flowing to firm R&D and technology advancement. First, constructing theoretical mechnism of the boundary effect of financial development on firms’ two stage R&D investment, finds that the financial scale or financial efficiency that exceeds a certain boundary is not conducive to R&D decision or input. Second, using three stage DEA-Malmquist, quantile HECKIT and threshold panel, empirically finds that (1) double threshold exists in financial scale, lack of financial deepening or overexpansion is conducive to R&D investment. The extensive margin is more important for influence of financial development on firms’ R&D investment.(2) single threshold exists in financial efficiency, the improve of skill progress, pure skill efficiency, scale efficiency and total factor productivity is conducive to R&D investment. (3)The financial development boundary is higher for private firms and low-middle tech firms. Financial efficiency is an important way of overcoming the financial scale limit.
Relying on the data from Chinese stock market between 2007 and 2015, this article discusses the main source of innovation investment funds in the heterogeneous firms and how it changes according to the economic environment. This article finds: (1) the main source of innovation investment funds in state-owned firms is governmental subsidy, as for non-state-owned firms, it is internal fund; (2)the main source of innovation investment funds in high-tech firms is governmental subsidy, as for non-high-tech firms, it is internal fund; (3)according to the changes of economic environment, the main source of innovation investment funds in the listed firms shows regularity likes this: governmental subsidy → internal funds→ governmental subsidy. Therefore we can get a conclusion: there are distinctions between the main source of innovation investment funds in the heterogeneous firms, and firms prefer to use governmental subsidy when the economic environment is negative. The conclusion is also a supplement to Pecking Order Theory.
Under the background of the construction of National Science and technology Innovation Center, dispersal of non-capital functions and creation of high-grade, precision and advanced economic structure, it was practical significant to explore the selection of leading industry, based on enterprise technology innovation in Beijing. On the theory of comparative advantage, this paper calculated and evaluated enterprise’s technology innovation efficiency refer to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Model, based on the panel data of Beijing’s 31 industrial enterprises during 2010-2014. According to the results, there was a significant difference between initial innovation ability and achievement transformation ability in some industries. What’s more, high technology industry’s technology innovation efficiency was much better than others. Last, some suggestions were put forward. Both of the initial innovation ability and achievement transformation ability should be taken into comprehensive consideration before deciding the leading industry. Besides, we should focus on cultivating the high technology industry, guiding the diffusion, collection and integration of industrial chain, aiming to realize industrial mutual complement and promotion and develop the superiority industrial cluster.
In order to deal with the micro dynamic of routines replication and replication dilemma, this paper analysis the characteristics of conventional routines replication and flexible routines replication to define the rules of network behavior preference. Then a multi-agent simulation model is constructed to compare the effect on network evolution with different routines and environment. The results show that :(1) Conventional routines and flexible routines are original divided by routines replication behavior, organization with conventional routines pursue similarity attachment and more open networks, By contrast, organization with flexible routines pursue preferential attachment and more closed networks.(2) Conventional routines have more small worldliness in stable environment than flexible routines. The dynamic environment extended not only the process of routines replication, but also reduced the small worldliness. (3) Conventional routines emergent as feature of community networks with high modularization structures and high connectedness. Flexible routines emergent as feature of convention networks with weak modularization structures and high connectedness. (4) In self-organizing process, conventional routines have more dependencies with stable environment, but flexible routines have more dependencies with dynamic environment. The results can reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of technological innovation network.
