Patent application continued growth makes the major patent offices face more and more serious patent examination backlog in the world, so they have begun to reform their patent examination system. This paper discusses the interaction affect mechanism between patent propensity and patent examination behavior, and the transmission affect mechanism on technological innovation. On this basis, this paper presents the reform suggestion on the patent examination fees system and the patent examination resources allocation system by affecting the patent application quantity and quality in different patent propensity to achieve the effect of promoting technological innovation.
Public policy is the new sources of technology innovation. In spite of promoting technology innovation, some public policies can also trigger patent race and enhance the density of patent thickets, even hinder technology transfer and diffusion. The patent policy in the key special project of scientific instruments is analyzed by using the method of case study in order to explore whether our country’s policies can resolve the patent assembly problem. Results show that there is the risk of failure in patent assembly due to the neglect of background patents, though this policy has paid attention to patent assembly problem and endeavored to resolve this issue. Finally, the suggestion that policy makers should take ex ante measures to resolve the risk of patent assembly failure is put forward in order to promote policy-led incentives for innovation.
In recent years, the situation of ICT industry standard essential patents holdup has been constantly appearing in China. What kind of strength of regulation should be adopted to standard essential patents holdup is the basis and starting point of the specific legal regulation suggestion. The determination on the strength of regulation can provide value orientation and reference for the specific legal regulation of standard essential patents holdup. In choosing the strength of regulation, the following factors should be analyzed. The first factor is the status of international competitiveness of Chinese ICT enterprises’ standard essential patents. The second factor is the characteristics of ICT industry standard essential patents. The third factor is the strength of legal regulation of ICT industry standard essential patents holdup in Europe and USA. Based on the analysis of the above factors, it is suggested that China should adopt a higher strength to regulating ICT industry standard essential patents holdup. Higher strength regulation will be beneficial to reducing standard essential holdup, maintaining the interests of Chinese ICT enterprises and protecting the public interest.
Civil-military integration national strategy makes new requests for patent operation, that means the common operation mode for civil use cannot completely apply to the area of military directly. Therefore, this essay proposes an patent operations conception of taking the particularity of military patent system and the characteristic of civil-military integration into consideration at the same time. The patent operation under civil-military integration national strategy includes the key links such as patent layout, bidirectional transformation, value evaluation and technology standardization in the area of civil-military integration, some of these links are already mature while some still exist defects; the solutions are improving the ownership system of military patents, optimizing the developing environment of dual-use technology, strengthening the construction of service platforms and the value evaluation index system, appealing for the participation of all the interested parties as well.
Formulating and implementing the patent technology commercialization insurance policy is an important measure to deeply implementing the Innovation-driven development strategy and effectively promoting scientific & technological achievements transformation. This paper summarizes relevant patent insurance measures of some developed countries, sorts out China's relevant patent insurance laws and policies, analyzes main risks existed in current patent insurance market in China for patent technology commercialization, and puts forward some policy recommendations to developing the patent technology commercialization insurance. The government insurance funds or guarantee funds shall subsidy the patent technology commercialization institutions which insure the patent technology commercialization and reward them. It is needed to enhance the capability to analyze patent quality, identify patent risks and evaluate patent price for the patent technology commercialization institutions and the insurance institutions, and develop effective systems and methods for evaluating patent price.
Low carbon transition is a transition from high carbon socio-technical regime to low carbon socio-technical regime, which is a complex, dynamic and long period process accompanying participation of multi actors, breaking of high carbon “lock-in” and reconfiguration of a new low carbon socio-technical regime. From the multi-level perspective there is a necessary mechanism occurring in three different levels: Shielding and nurturing disruptive low carbon innovation in niches as the internal momentum of transition; Outsider pressure from landscape making cracks in the dominant high carbon socio-technical regime to provide windows of opportunity for the development of low carbon niche; Eventually these lead to breaking up of the old regime and configuration and stabilization of a new one. The case of low carbon transition of automobile transport in China shows that multi-level perspective is a very useful and heuristic tool in analyzing such complex, dynamic and uncertain process. So it is necessary for system builders especially government and policy makers to adopt such ontology to understand the coevolution process of low carbon transition and promote relevant policies.
The dissemination and communication of academic literatures on the Social Network Services (SNS) have changed the configuration of the academic communication. The SNS communication is the stretching of "informal scholarly communication" among scientists and the "informal scientific dissemination" among scientists and the public. This paper takes Evolutionary Biology as the research sample, downloaded 30290 literatures data of WoS from 2012 to 2017 about the field of Evolutionary Biology, and collected the tweeters data by Twitter on Altmetrics.com. And then we try to analyze the scientific communication about academic literatures on SNS. The conclusion as following: firstly, there is weak correlation between formal communication and informal communication, and the Altmetrics mainly stem from informal communication on SNS. Secondly, the communication favor to the informal scientific dissemination, forming a new "SNS & Scientific Dissemination" mode. Thirdly, the scientific communication on SNS has special characteristics, as communication time "easy come, easy go", and the scope of communication influenced by different country.
It aimed to put forward the policy ideas of human element selection and talent cultivation mode of technology transfer. In the analysis of the mission and goals of the Alliance of Technology Transfer Professionals (ATTP), a core competencies structure of technology transfer was constructed from three dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitudes, based on combining the ATTP recognized standards and professional training objectives. The framework of talent cultivation mode was summarized that the implementation of the on-the-job training courses and industrial events were promoted by professional development guidance. The professional training programs were classified in the perspectives of training time and degree of structure, and two kinds of cultivation practices for different level professionals were also analyzed. It put forward the policy recommendations on the cultivation of independent technology transfer offices and their association, establishment of professional competence and improvement of vocational education for technology transfer professionals in china.
The development of strategic emerging industries has become one of the critical driving forces to accelerate China's economic growth. Based on the perspective of technology diffusion, this paper discusses the characteristics of the development of strategic emerging industries, introduces technological innovation capability and technology similarity, and analyzes the formation process and evolution mechanism of strategic emerging industries’ innovation network. Then the evolution model is constructed and simulated based on the preferential mechanism. The results show that: the evolution of strategic emerging industries’ innovation network take on the “edge - multi-core” hybrid structure; with the expansion of the scale of the innovation network, the average path length of the network is gradually shortened while the clustering coefficient is gradually increasing, so the efficiency of information and technology are improved. Finally, using the data of Chinese new energy automobile from 2005 to 2015, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of simulation model.
Most of the existing researches take results of innovation as the result of the equivalent input and make quantitative analysis, but the analysis of innovation process and the nature of the mechanism is not enough in-depth. The essence of innovation is the application of knowledge based on exploratory learning, learning from others and learning from experience, and the input of R & D investment is only the input of exploratory learning. This paper selects sixteen main industries in China and calculates different learning effects in innovation respectively, and find enterprise innovation depends more on learning from others and imitative innovation is popular, but exploratory learning and learning from experience is obviously insufficient, which causes the original innovation of enterprises in china is slow. Under the background of innovation driven, we must increase the important role of exploratory learning in innovation, cultivate the subject of exploratory learning, and switch from learning from others to exploratory learning and learning from experience.
Based on the sample of sourcing Cross-border Acquisitions by Chinese enterprises from Zephy database during 2000-2016 , we theoretically and empirically examine the configurations of the influence factors of the sourcing Cross-border Acquisition performance.Results suggest that, first,although institutional distance and technical capability are both important influence factors of of the sourcing Cross-border Acquisition performance,but technical ability is more important and necessary;Second,we summarizes three effective reverse learning mode in sourcing cross-border M&A by qualitative comparative analysis,that is after exploratory learning,after exploitation learning and after exploitation-exploratory learning.Third, the formal institutional distance and R&d spending after mergers and acquisitions are alternative.When the formal institutional distance is too big, it will inhibit R&D investment after the merger. Our study is helpful to improve the reverse learning theory of Emerging Market Countries,besides,it can Guide enterprises in the complex situation in sourcing cross-border M&A practice.
The conception of ecosystem has widely considered to be a new model of technology innovation. Multinational enterprises’ worldwide R&D strategies and R&D location have a positive impact on the formation, transformation and evolution of regional independent innovation ecosystem. The paper carries out an investigation about the foreign capital institutes countrywide in China. Tour core categories that can indicate the characteristics of the internal networks, the ecological embeddedness, co-dependence, and co-evolution with regional independent innovation ecosystem are proposed utilizing qualitative research grounded theory with three-steps encoding data. This explores the main path of embeddedness achieved by industrial ecosystem, business ecosystem and culture ecosystem overcoming some constrains. Then a model of co-evolution between foreign capital R&D ecosystem and regional independent innovation ecosystem is designed. It can describe the internal regularities of the doubled-systems’ co-evolution. Suggestions proposed by the paper will help in both the institutes’ management of networks and government’s policies optimal design of regional innovation ecosystem.
Technological diversification have important effects on firm performance, but lacks research between it and new product development performance. We use 534 firms’ patent data and new product data of China’s automobile industry, and divided the technological diversification into related technological diversification and unrelated technological diversification, to study the effects of technological diversification on the new product development performance, and discusses the knowledge coherence between them. The empirical results indicate that: the relationship between related technological diversification and new product development performance is inverted U-shaped, unrelated technological diversification has a positive effect on new product development performance; knowledge coherence plays a positive moderating role between related and unrelated technological diversification and new product development performance., Technological diversification have important effects on firm performance, but lacks research between it and new product development performance. We use 534 firms’ patent data and new product data of China’s automobile industry, and divided the technological diversification into related technological diversification and unrelated technological diversification, to study the effects of technological diversification on the new product development performance, and discusses the knowledge coherence between them. The empirical results indicate that: the relationship between related technological diversification and new product development performance is inverted U-shaped, unrelated technological diversification has a positive effect on new product development performance; knowledge coherence plays a positive moderating role between related and unrelated technological diversification and new product development performance., Technological diversification have important effects on firm performance, but lacks research between it and new product development performance. We use 534 firms’ patent data and new product data of China’s automobile industry, and divided the technological diversification into related technological diversification and unrelated technological diversification, to study the effects of technological diversification on the new product development performance, and discusses the knowledge coherence between them. The empirical results indicate that: the relationship between related technological diversification and new product development performance is inverted U-shaped, unrelated technological diversification has a positive effect on new product development performance; knowledge coherence plays a positive moderating role between related and unrelated technological diversification and new product development performance.
The existing studies that cultural distance influence cross-border knowledge spillover have a large number of conflicting conclusions. Many scholars have questioned understanding national cultural differences from a single perspective of cultural values. Thus, this study explains the effect of cultural distance on cross-border knowledge spillover by learning from the relevant theories of knowledge absorptive capacity, while introduce cultural tightness based on social norms, and then respectively discuss the interaction between the cultural tightness of knowledge absorbing country, the cultural tightness of knowledge diffusing country and their cultural distance. By conducting negative binomial regression analysis using panel data of cross-border patent citation among 17 countries in 1997-2006, it is found that cultural distance has a significant negative influence on cross-border knowledge spillover, and the cultural tightness of knowledge absorbing country plays a positive moderating role in this relationship. However, the cultural tightness of knowledge diffusing country doesn’t make significant moderating effect, but impacts cross-border knowledge spillover negatively. The study provides theoretical reference for managers making decisions about cross-border knowledge spillovers and promoting innovative knowledge exchange with other countries.
With the increasing investment by government and universities, the connotation of entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities is not only the cultivation of entrepreneurial attitude and consciousness, but also the knowledge and skills training in enterprise operations, financing, etc. Under the background of the deepening role of the entrepreneurship education, this research intends to explore whether the entrepreneurial education will affect the entrepreneurial performance and the relationship between entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial experience and new venture performance. This paper reviews the theory of relationship between entrepreneurship education, enterprise performance and entrepreneurial experience, collecting data from Zhejiang University Science and Technology Park by questionnaire method. Finally, based on statistical analysis method, this paper tests the relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial performance. The results show that the formal entrepreneurship education has a significant positive effect on the performance of the new venture enterprise, and the informal entrepreneurship education has no significant effect on the performance of the new venture enterprise. Entrepreneurial experience does not moderating the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial performance.
Based on theories of environment alignment and dynamic capability, this paper conducts questionnaire survey of 248 Chinese start-ups, and examines the mediating effect of the different organizational agility during the process that open innovation proclivity influences the improvement of the liability of newness, and the moderating effects of the two types of network structure in the process. The results show that: (1)Through the mediating effect of organizational agility, the open innovation proclivity can improve the liability of newness in Chinese start-ups. (2)the organizational agility, especially the customer agility and partner agility , have important intermediating effect in the process which open innovation proclivity influences the liability of newness. However, statistics showed that operational agility has failed to have intermediating effect in that process.(3) Network structure plays an important moderating roles in the mechanism that open innovation proclivity influences the organizational agility of the start-ups. Under the different level of network closure and structural hole, the open innovation proclivity makes different effect on the organizational agility of the start-ups. The paper theoretically meets the research gap of the improvement mechanism of the liability of newness, , further validating the effectiveness of the construct of the liability of newness, enriches and expands the open innovation research in the entrepreneurial context.
During the development and industrialization of China’s Strategy Emerging Industry (SEI), the fact that business model innovation is an important precondition for industrialization is gradually became a consensus, while technology innovation and progress is taken into account seriously. Given to this background, by considering on the strategy theory’s explanation on business model and the tendencies and characteristics of future research on SEI business model, this paper uses Strategy Tripod Theory to illustrate business model system, as well as the conditions including institutional conditions, industry structure conditions, capabilities and resources which affect business model; The paper thus constructs “a holistic research framework for SEI’s business model innovation”, which considered “Triggering – Evolution – Evaluation”; At last, the paper applies the framework into China’s new energy vehicle industry which is a growing speed SEI, to show how the framework can be applied. The paper comes with conclusion: the theoretical framework for SEI’s business model innovation is very essential for studying business model innovation systematically and evolutionary.
The existing knowledge assets are an important influencing factor of the disruptive innovation of enterprises, but the relationship between them is not fully explained. Based on the perspective of asset specificity, the impact of the enterprise knowledge assets on the disruptive innovation was explored in this paper. Using a sample of 272 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, some hypotheses are tested: (1) Knowledge assets’ application-specificity for main business has a directly positive effect on ability of experience transfer and outbound disruptive innovation respectively, but it has a directly negative effect on ability to cannibalize and inbound disruptive innovation. (2) Ability of experience transfer not only positively affects the enterprise’s outbound disruptive innovation, but also plays a complete intermediary role between knowledge assets’ application-specificity for main business and outbound disruptive innovation. (3) Ability to cannibalize not only positively affects the enterprise’s inbound disruptive innovation, but also plays a part intermediary role between knowledge assets’ application-specificity for main business and inbound disruptive innovation.
