Computational Social Science is an emerging interdisciplinary research field, and its connotation, characteristics and prospect have not been comprehended adequately by the circle of social science. In addition, there is a considerable divarication in these issues as well. Therefore, we interviewed several influential American computational social scientists on some basic questions about Computational Social Science, including its definition, relationship with traditional social science, reliability of the knowledge produced, main challenges and prospect, etc. Through these interviews, we hope to deepen domestic academia’s understanding of Computational Social Science, and thus promote related research.
Heuristics induce and influence scientific judgment, but to refine and use it are still difficult to reason. A heuristic is a thinking model that simplifies complex problems into specific situations, or it analogies to a simplified scientific reasoning process. Its methodological role is faced with many difficulties in practice, and when it is used to solve specific problems, its application ability is systematic deviation. Perhaps one of the reasons is that heuristics hide errors and lead to inaccurate scientific judgments. The "thinking responsibility" for false judgment traces back to the need for meta-heuristics . The heuristic can be understood as a useful and effective thinking model, if the loss of "meta" analysis, the scientific value and the value of knowledge will be reduced; introducing meta-heuristic as second order thinking, and defining the scope of heuristic correction, that will enhance the scientific judgment.
Traditional researches found that technology would raise ethical risk. However, technology integration would raise more serious social risk, which was the ethical trap come from the ethical risk under the background of modern market economy. Essentially, such social risk is distinctive with the ethics risk. Driven by the Logic of Capital in the market economy, ethical trap would spread unlimitedly by the technology of Internet Plus. The public are hard to identify and avoid such ethical trap. There are some methods of ethics, law and inserting moral codes to deal with the social risk of technology in-tegration. However, the permanent cures are to develop theories and methods that could identify and governance such social risk. Comparing with current approaches of ethics and philosophy of technolo-gy, the theoretical framework of Axiological Turn is more suitable to analyze and governance social risk raised by the technology integration under the background of Internet Plus or AI Plus.
The paper makes a quantitative analysis of the short-term impact of China's positive R&D investment on China's economy in recent years, based on CGE model. The simulation results are mainly as follows: 1) R&D investment can significantly promote the development of China's overall economy; 2) R&D investment has a positive effect on optimizing China's industrial structure, which is conducive to the transformation of China's economy from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry. In the secondary industry, R&D investment has the greatest impact on the construction industry, and the impact on the manufacturing industry is relatively smaller. In the tertiary industry, R&D investment has little effect on the real estate, Hotels and catering industry. 3) R&D investment can significantly stimulate domestic demand, promote consumer spending, and maintaining the current R&D investment intensity helps to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.
Base on the newest research of firm heterogeneity, this paper better the estimation methods of factor price distortion, markup and update of technology, then analysis the effects of factor price distortion and markup to the update of technology with the statistic and empirical estimation ways. The results show:(1)Factors price distortion become the strategic resource, which push forward the update of technology, profit transformation distortion, efficiency transformation distortion and experience transformation distortion exist in the update of technology of native manufacturing firms;(2) Human resource and material capital is the core force which promote the technology of Chinese manufacturing industries, material capital play a more important role than human resource;(3) Native manufacturing firms have new products paradox, export have positive effects to technology update, non-factor cost increase have stronger negative effects to technology update than factor cost increase, the subsidy’s effects to technology update are ambiguous.
In order to enhance the level of the local manufacturing industry, the developed countries put forward the strategy of re-industrialization now. Thus, Chinese government also puts forward "Made in China 2025" plan, and proposes policy guidance to promote the convergence of Internet technology and manufacturing. Therefore, in the context of industrial Internet, how to do strategic transformation for China's manufacturing enterprises is an extremely important issue. This research will use the embedded multi-case analysis method and choose Mengniu, Baoxiniao and Changhong three manufacturing enterprises as research objects. Through longitudinal analysis of the three enterprises' intelligent growth trajectory and strategic transformation process, and horizontal comparison of the basis, focus and path before the ecological strategy transformation of the three enterprises, this research will explore the path of ecological transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises under the background of industrial internet.
Under the process of capitalization in China, there have much capital accumulated in no-equity asset sector, and which generated asset bubbles, there also is an issue that low efficiency of innovation investment in real economy. In order to explore the key point — the role of entrepreneurs — from innovation investment to achievements, it applies the Matsuoka and Shibata (2012) model on choice of entrepreneurs with financial market imperfections and asset bubbles. It discusses the mechanism about no-equity asset bubbles effecting on output efficiency through equilibrium analysis in micro-level.①No-equity asset bubbles confine entrepreneurs to invest innovation projects via increasing the external capital cost, and then make output efficiency down. ②No-equity asset bubbles restrict entrepreneurs to invest innovation projects according to decreasing capital accumulation, and then lead to reducing in output efficiency. ③A rising of output efficiency can improve capital accumulation and the repayment ability of entrepreneurs, which promote entrepreneurs to invest innovation project, in return, there will be success in restraining the expansion of no-equity asset bubbles and improving output efficiency.
The establishment of the sub-fund of government guide fund for of scientific & technological (S&T) achievements transformation is an important measure to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and realize the drive of scientific and technological innovation.The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable initiatives, including sub-fund of government guide fund. This paper analyzes the need of quality management system in sub-fund of government guide fund for S&T achievement transformation. Moreover, the concept and the quality management model in terms of sub-fund of government guide fund for S&T achievement transformation are presented and redefined. And the general quality model is proposed from the aspect of theory-level. Furthermore, the critical process and advise of implement are proposed.
The further embeddedness and integration of digital technology and entrepreneurship are reconstructing the industrial organization and the real economy in the digital era. The research field appears to privilege particular study of the new form of entrepreneurship theory and practice in the context of digital innovation. Our paper hopes to facilitate greater attention to the new trend and strategic approach of the digital entrepreneurship in China through offering a re-conceptualization of the role of digital technology during the initiative, implementing and benefiting stage of entrepreneurship, on the base of the comparison between the characteristic of the traditional and emerging entrepreneurship. Introducing phenomenon material and retrospecting a number of previous theoretic studies, the study finds that the digital platform with the ability of openness and generativity reduces the learning cost and eases the resource acquisition, thus the open governance model of the digital platform enables the dynamic formation of the heterogeneous entrepreneurial teams. With such massive and various users, two strategies are discussed to co-promote the cultivation and optimization of China's digital entrepreneurship ecosystem: 1) Improving the entrepreneurs’ core capabilities; 2) Configurating the appropriate institutional environmental dynamically and prospectively by the policy makers.
This paper use the cognitive theory to explain the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial passion on the technology commercialization speed of new technological ventures, and explore the two cognitive bias factors role of illusion of control and risk propensity play in this process. The results showed that entrepreneurial passion and cognitive bias (illusion of control, risk propensity) positive influence on technology commercialization speed, and illusion of control and risk propensity play a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and technology commercialization speed. This conclusion can make up for the gap of existing theoretical research.
With the gradual complexity of the external competitive environment, the R & D activities play an increasingly important role in the survival and development of the group companies. In this paper, we summarize the existing research results about R & D of the Group, and through in-depth expert interviews and questionnaires, we sort out 57 control points in the R & D management and classify them according to the degree of importance..At the same time, the importance of R & D’ five dimensions is ranked according to the decision tree algorithm. The results showed that the key and important control points of the parent company mainly focused on the unification of the system and platform, the development and management of major R & D projects and common technologies.The R & D process management has the highest priority in the five dimensions of R & D management.The above conclusion provides useful references for the R & D management practices of the business group.
Value-added tax transformation aims to promote industrial upgrading and economic restructuring through tax reduction, but there is little VAT transformation literature studying the impact of reform on enterprise’s R&D. And the existing research on tax policy and R&D investment mainly focuses on corporate income tax. In theory, VAT transformation can stimulate R&D investment by mitigating the internal financing constraints of enterprises, but this effect is affected by the heterogeneity of enterprises. This paper analyzes the influence of VAT transformation on the R&D behavior in different types of enterprises based on group perspective. Empirical study finds that, without distinction of organization forms, there is no evidence of VAT transformation’s significant impact on R&D investment; after considering organization forms, we find that VAT transformation significantly stimulates business group’s R&D investment, and private group’s R&D investment is significantly higher than state-owned group; further analysis of private group reveals that agency cost restrains its R&D investment; Moreover, private group’s long-term growth rates of return is significantly higher than that of other firms as a result of more R&D investment. This paper not only enriches the literature of value-added tax reform, but also can provide reference for the reform of “to replace the business tax with a value-added tax”.
In order to improve overseas products image in developed countries, stimulate innovation or tag on corporate social responsibility (CSR), which one is more important? Based on a survey of 976 foreign customers from 26 developed countries, this empirical study exams the mechanism of innovation, social responsibility and overseas products image. We found that market-based innovation, tech-based innovation and perceived CSR mediated the relationship between market relationships and overseas products image, respectively. In addition, consumer involvement moderated the strength of the mediated relationships between market relationships and overseas products image via tech-based innovation. We also found that innovations were prior to social responsibility in improving overseas products image in developed countries, which was different from the conclusion that these two played the same important role in emerging market. Furthermore, as for the enterprises related to a low consumer involvement, the first concern for improving image should invest mostly on market-based innovation, as well as tech-based innovation as being supplementary strategy; as for the enterprises related to a high consumer involvement, the strategy should switch to market-innovation. Moreover, even though innovation was prior to social responsibility, perceived CSR still was the key benefit which could improve overseas products image.
Intellectual property service is an important support for enterprises to enhance their technological innovation ability and maintain the advantages of intellectual property rights. Therefore, cooperative innovation behavior in intellectual property service has become an inevitable choice for enterprises. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the author finds out the influencing factors of cooperative innovation behavior in intellectual property service, constructs the theoretical model of cooperative innovation behavior of intellectual property service, and uses structural equation analysis to reveal the mechanism of cooperative innovation behavior in intellectual property service, as well as verify the intermediary role of cooperative willingness in the process of cooperative innovation forming. The results of empirical research show that the variables such as behavioral attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control influence the cooperative innovation behavior through the positive mediating effect of cooperative willingness; the expected results of behavioral attitude and the organizational effectiveness of perceived behavior control have no effect on cooperative willingness, while they can directly affect the cooperative innovation behavior positively. Finally, according to the research conclusion, it puts forward some policy suggestions, so as to provide theoretical guidance for strengthening the cooperative innovation behavior in the intellectual property service.
Basing on the data of China’s listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2015, this paper investigates the impact of environmental regulation on the corporate R&D activities and the adjustment effect of regulation capture on the relationship between environmental regulation and corporate R&D activities. The results show that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on the corporate R&D activities. Environmental regulation play a negative adjustment effect on the relationship between environmental regulation and corporate R&D activities. Furthermore, In the aspect of corporate heterogeneity, regulation capture has a greater negative adjustment effect in the corporate which belonging to heavy pollution industry and the weak product market competitiveness. In the aspect of regional heterogeneity, regulation capture has a greater negative adjustment effect in the corporate which situated in the area which is prone to breed regulation capture and bear heavy environment protection pressure.
The innovation subject of knowledge innovation is universities &research institutions, and the innovation subject of product innovation is enterprises. In order to realize synergy innovation, the key is to promote synergetic development of knowledge and product innovation. Using the method of the grey relational theory and distance collaborative model, this paper measures the synergetic development abilities of knowledge and product innovation of the general, the regional as well as the provincial high-tech enterprises in China from 2006 to 2015. The results show that: (1) the general synergetic development abilities of knowledge and product innovation in high-tech enterprises improving, but its integrated development degree is less than its integrated coordination degree obviously; (2) there are some significant differences in the synergetic development abilities of knowledge and product innovation among the eastern, central, and western regional high-tech enterprises in China: the eastern region is in the lead, the central region is the second, and the western region is the lowest; (3) there are also obvious differences in the synergetic development abilities of knowledge and product innovation among the provincial high-tech enterprises, and disequilibrium. Based on these results, this paper draws some relevant policy implications for promoting the synergetic development of knowledge and product innovation in Chinese high-tech enterprises: The first is strengthening effective combination and matching of knowledge and product innovation in high-tech enterprises, improving the synergetic development speed of its knowledge and product innovation; The second is giving overall consideration, implement different regional policies; The third is concentrating the regional comparative advantage, driving synergetic development.
Based on the Poisson regression analysis, this paper had an empirical analysis on the relationship between the patent application timing and the innovation performance by used the data of W-CDMA patent pool. The results are shown that before the formation of the patent pool, the later the timing of patent application, the higher innovation performance; after the formation of the patent pool, the earlier the timing of patent application, the higher innovation performance. The research results not only have theoretical enlightenment to the further study of relationship between patent application timing and innovation performance, but have important practical guiding for enterprises to use patent application strategy and improving the innovation performance.
