This paper proposes a novel approach to forecast technology development based on a knowledge network. Taking the data of 1101 nanotechnology-related patents from 2011 to 2015 as an example, using the patents’ knowledge combinatorial potential, combinatorial opportunities, diversity and uniqueness as indexes, we employ K-means clustering to divide the patents into two classes. By analyzing the content of the patent cluster with high knowledge combinatorial potential, combinatorial opportunities, diversity and uniqueness, hot fields and development trends of nanotechnology research are extracted. The effectiveness of the method is tested by using the data of nanotechnology-related patents in 2017.
Process of commercialization(industrialization) in science-based technology in widespread knowledge from research area can be divided into 3 stages-- scientific research, technology application, commercialization/market. As representative of science-based technology in emerging area, graphene industry has developed rapidly and made a great progress especially in stage of scientific research. Rapid development need support from government and public administration. The paper collected specific or relative policies on graphene enacted by Chinese government from Jan.1st,2012 to Mar.1st 2018 via document analysis to search the reasons behind rapid development of graphene under the stage of scientific research in China. The research found that parallel model has spread and dept into various specific process of stage of scientific research under the support from specific and relative policies enacted by Chinese government. Parallel models, which different from linear model as various stages or processes which supposed to follow linear sequence but adopted model of parallel development under certain period. It had great benefits on time saving. It represented unique strategy choice and distinctive channel of promotion from Chinese government. Meanwhile, it provided better understanding for selection of unique paths and strategic layout on the stage of scientific research on graphene from our government.
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) added a new application code F0701 for Educational Information Science and Technology in the year of 2018. This study carried out scientometrics analysis on the application and funding projects of F0701 in 2018 and find that the application project cover ten thematic clusters, namely, personalized teaching, educational big data, machine learning, augmented reality, educational robot, learning evaluation, interactive learning, digital resources, collaborative learning and resource allocation. Results show that the research of Educational Information Science and Technology is still in the period of technology migration, mainly focusing on infiltrating information technologies into the field of education, lacking deep conciseness on the key scientific issues and being deficient of deep cross fusion. Therefore, researchers should strengthen the application of natural science research paradigm, enhance the cross-integration of research teams, and improve the ability to condense scientific problems; and NSFC should further enrich and improve the code structure of F0701, guide the experts to evaluate the applications according to the project characteristics in this field, increase the funding rate and support, in order to promote the overall research level in the field of Educational Information Science and Technology of China.
Technology convergence is a major driving force for emerging sectors and industrial upgrading. Using converging indexes and community analysis, this paper conducts a comparative study on the evolutionary patterns of technology convergence in the IT, automobile, and equipment manufacturing industries. Based on 1985-2014 patent files and their IPC co-occurrence data from the three industries, the results show: there is a clear pattern of preferential attachment which leads to the growth of star technological fields with high level of local and architectural converging force; the early stage is characterized of a number of disparate and small groups of converging technological fields, whereas the later stage is featured with a rapid growth of star communities of technological fields and their blurring boundaries; compared to the automobile and equipment manufacturing industries, the IT industry reveals higher level of skewed distribution that is described by a even fewer architectural technological fields and star communities.
The national high-tech industrial development zone is an important platform for China to develop high-tech industry and actively participate in the international high-tech competition. Research and development (R&D) investment is the important factor influencing the high-tech zone agglomeration development. By constructing a nonlinear threshold regression model, this paper discussed the threshold effect of R&D investment on the agglomeration development of high-tech zones, and conducted in-depth studies on the heterogeneity of threshold effect by grouping regression. The results show that the investment of R&D capital has a decreasing effect on the agglomeration development of high-tech zones in addition to the influence of its own threshold. With the improvement of regional economic development level, the agglomeration development of high-tech zones shows the effect of "inhibition-promotion-inhibition", and the influence of investment in R&D personnel by their own threshold is gradually increasing in promoting the agglomeration development of high-tech zones. With the development of regional economy, the scale of talents is more important than the quality of talents to the development of high-tech zones. In the analysis of the heterogeneity of threshold effect, it is found that threshold effect only occurs in the areas with higher scientific research level, and the impact of R&D investment on the agglomeration of high-tech zones is not obvious in the areas with low scientific research level. Therefore, when formulating policies for the development of high-tech zones, the state should take into account the level of agglomeration development of high-tech zones, local economic development status and the differences in the level of scientific research in local universities, so as to give local governments some room for policy adjustment. According to local conditions, it should guide the R&D activities and agglomeration development of high-tech zones.
Using the method of grey correlation analysis, the paper does an empirical analysis to the influence degree of the high-tech industry to economic growth of Yangtze river delta ,Pearl River Delta and Bohai Ring Megalopolis. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the contribution of the high-tech industry as a whole and various sectors of the high-tech industry to economic growth in the three urban agglomerations. It is found that high-tech industry plays an important role in promoting the economic development of the three urban agglomerations, and the relationship between high-tech industry and economic development is getting closer and closer. It is a significant strategy to vigorously develop the high-tech industry,which is a breakthrough to develop the economy of the three urban agglomerations.
Studying on whether the improvement of copyright protection can promote the development of cultural industry is very important for the development of China's software industry. Using multiple linear regression models as a tool and the intensity of copyright protection as a premise, the relationship between the intensity of copyright protection and software industry is empirical analyzed on the relevant data of the 2000-2015 year software industry in China. The results show that the intensity of copyright protection in China has increased year by year along the 2000-2015 years. Despite other factors, the intensity of copyright protection is positively related to the development of software industry, and the correlation is significant. But taking 7 factors into consideration, such as the number of employees, the export of the software industry, the popularity of the network and the number of pirated software, the date shows that the intensity of copyright protection is negatively related to the development of the software industry, and the correlation is significant. The fixed assets investment and the positive software revenue are positively related to the development of the software industry, and there is no significant difference between the other factors and the development of the software industry. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue the high copyright protection intensity, but should strengthen the copyright protection "according to local conditions", and improve the awareness of the investment in fixed assets and the consumption of the positive software of the citizen so as to promote the development of the software industry.
Abstract: Extending enterprises’ cyclic structure of investment built by Aghion, we analyze the cyclicality of R&D investment of enterprises in countries of different types, using panel data of 17022 enterprises in 97 countries and regions in the world during 2005-2014. The following conclusions are drawn. Firstly, not considering financial constraints, enterprises’ R&D investment of Chinese and developing countries is acyclic, while R&D investment of developed countries is counter-cyclical. Secondly, considering financial constraints, enterprises’ R&D investment of Chinese and of both developed and developing countries is counter-cyclical. The high financing constraints only turn R&D investment of Chinese and developing countries’ enterprises into pro-cyclical, and the high cash holding has no significant impact on the cyclicality of R&D investment of Chinese and developing countries’ enterprises. However, the high cash holding ensures counter-cyclical R&D investment in developed countries. Finally, R&D investment of Chinese and developing countries’ enterprises is counter-cyclical only during boom and acyclic during downturn because excessive liquidity stops R&D investment. R&D investment of developed countries is counter-cyclical during boom and downturn. The high financing constraints mainly increase R&D investment of Chinese enterprises during boom. High cash holdings don’t affect Chinese, developing and developed enterprises' R&D investment during downturn.
Using data of patent licenses between Chinese universities and companies, this paper examines how development stage of the technology, the geographic distance between the university and potential licensees, and their collaboration experience influence the university’s propensity of licensing the technology exclusively. When faced with high risks, firms’ willingness to commit requisite investment to commercializing the university’s technology will decrease. This study argues that the university can solve the problem through appropriate design of the licensing contract. Specifically, exclusive license can serve as a mechanism to increase mutual commitment, mitigating risks caused by technological immaturity, geographical distance and lack of collaboration experience and motivating companies to invest complementary assets, thus facilitating the university’s technology commercialization. Empirical results show that the early-stage technology and the lack of collaboration experience increase the university’s propensity of licensing the technology exclusively. Meanwhile, the negative relationship between the maturity of the licensed technology and university’s propensity of adopting exclusive license will be mitigated when the geographic distance between the licensee and the university is longer.
In the process of university-industry collaboration, the difference of target attribute makes the choice of knowledge disclosure strategies different. The focus of this paper is how to seek a balance between the pursuit of appropriability of enterprises and the pursuit of openness of universities. This paper studies the influence of four different knowledge disclosure strategies on the university-industry collaboration based on the models of negative binomial regression and Poisson regression. Taking the patent strategy as the reference group, this paper finds that paper strategy and patent-paper strategy can promote the breadth and depth of university-industry collaboration better, while patent strategy is better than secrecy strategy to promote the depth of university-industry collaboration. What’s more, it finds under the same types of knowledge disclosure strategies, the greater the strength of R&D intensity, the greater the breadth of university-industry collaboration, but the smaller the depth of university-industry collaboration. In the same levels of R&D intensity, the open knowledge disclosure strategies are better than appropriability knowledge disclosure strategies to promote the breadth and depth of university-industry collaboration. Therefore, this paper has a certain theoretical and practical significance for the balance between appropriability and openness in the process of university-industry collaboration.
It has become an important measure for many communities to promote users to share knowledge by setting up virtual community incentives. The issue of the impact of community rewards on knowledge sharing has won widespread attention and research, but its effects have been controversial. This paper divides knowledge into two types: implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge, and discusses the relative influence of virtual community rewards on the two types of knowledge sharing behaviors. And the paper further analysis the mechanism of virtual community rewards on tacit knowledge sharing. The study finds that: virtual community rewards can significantly promote the explicit knowledge sharing of users, however, there is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with the users' tacit knowledge sharing; pleasure and self-efficacy play complete mediation between virtual community rewards and tacit knowledge sharing. This research conclusions not only deepens the understanding of the controversial effects of virtual community rewards on knowledge sharing, but also points out the mechanism of virtual community rewards on tacit knowledge sharing. It is practically meaningful for the community to rationally design virtual community rewards to promote users’ knowledge sharing.
Drawing from the social exchange theory,we discusses how buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities affect supplier attitudes toward co-innovation. We test our theoretical assumptions by applying hierarchical regression analysis to survey response data from 304 suppliers in Chinese automotive industry. The results show that (1) buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities influence supplier attitudes toward co-innovation positively; (2) preferred customer status fully mediates the relationship between buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities and supplier attitudes toward co-innovation; (3) supplier’s perceived knowledge value plays a moderating role in the relationship between buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities and preferred customer status as well as the relationship between buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities and supplier attitudes toward co-innovation. This study reveals the process that how buyer-driven knowledge transfer activities motivate supplier attitudes toward co-innovation. Accordingly, the results provide guidance to buyers as how they may occupy more key resources from supplier.
Abstract：Frugal innovation is a specific type of technological innovation in the context of resource constraints of emerging economics. Innovation in the context of Resource constraints is significant for China's economic development. Basing on the previous research, we focus on the resource-focused action during the process of frugal innovation, probe into model and mechanism of resource-focused action in frugal innovation context. The results shows: (1) focusing, deepening, expanding are three kind resource-focused action models in frugal innovation context; (2) dual-resource constrains, entrepreneur’s partiality, and industry coordination are the main factors forming the models of resource-focused action, besides, these three factors constraint, dominance, support resource-focused action respectively; (3) the interaction between dual-resource constrains, entrepreneur’s partiality, and industry coordination constitutes the main mechanism of the formation of resource-focused action in the context of frugal innovation. Our research, on the one hand, clarifies the role of resource actions in frugal innovation, namely, how to effectively use limited resources in resource-constrained situations. On the other hand, the introduction of frugal innovation enriches the research context of resource-focused action from the perspective of innovation type.
Based on the micro and small enterprise, the paper tries to answer the social responsibility of small and micro enterprises to take positive or negative response to the social responsibility by analyzing the impact mechanism of social responsibility on its open innovation. By the survey of 1095 small and micro enterprises, the paper examines the impact of Micro and Small business social responsibility on the open innovation, and further analysis how depends on the political relationship and environment slack. The results of empirical study show that Micro and Small business social responsibility takes the positive effect on the open innovation, and the effect is moderated by the political relationship and environment slack. Furthermore, the political relationship moderates positively the effect, and the environment slack moderates negatively the effect. The findings provide insights into how micro and small enterprise select social responsibility strategy, and provide new ideas for the firm innovation.
The electronic information industry has developed very rapidly and become a pillar industry of national economy.This paper explores the influencing mechanism of innovation performance of electronic information enterprises in China. Based on the SCP Paradigm, this paper builds CDM model including of spillover effect and takes some listed companies in China's electronic information enterprises as the research object, collects relevant data from 2013 to 2015 to explores innovation input’s, innovation output’s, environmental policy’s and intra-industry effect’s influence on electronic information enterprises innovation performance.On the basis of the empirical analysis results, this paper puts forward the pertinent suggestions to enhance the innovation performance of China's electronic information enterprises.
Based on the basic ideas of discrete deconstruction and holographic reconstruction of manufacturing and circulation process of general economic activities, this paper constructs an analysis unit of business model innovation driven by big data. The basic elements of analysis unit include three elements: product, scenario and consumer, the corresponding value content is product value, scenario value and personalized value. Based on this unit, three cases, Zara, Xiaomi and Chiantin, are used to demonstrate the existence of business model innovation driven by big data without changing the core elements, then through the child Wang's case this paper analyzes the evolution process and stage of business model innovation driven by big data, which changes the core elements. The main contribution of this paper is to construct a basic analysis unit for the innovation of business model driven by big data based on the big data thinking of discrete deconstruction and holographic reconstruction. It provides a basic analysis idea and tool for the analysis of business model innovation driven by big data in order to provide theoretical guidance for the practice of enterprises.
