With the increasing integration of S&T and economic development, there has been growing awareness of the importance of commercialization of academic science in universities and research institutes. The gender disparities during academic commercialization has also attracted more and more attention. This paper presents a systematic review of research on the gender disparities during the process of academic commercialization and the theoretical explanation and empirical studies on the gender disparities. Further, the individual factors, social structural factors, organizational factors and other factors have been identified as the explanation framework of gender disparities during academic commercialization, which expanded the existing theoretical explanation framework. Finally, the limitations of existing researches were discussed and the direction of future research in this field were proposed.
Taking the output evaluation of scientific research projects as the starting point, this study synthetically considers the quantity and quality of papers produced by the projects, constructs the National Natural Science Fund Project H Index, and evaluates the academic value of the projects. The results show that the average output of 502 projects implemented by the Ministry of Informatics of the Natural Science Foundation in 2013 and finalized in 2016 is 7 papers with not less than 7 citations. The influencing factors of the academic value output of the fund projects are studied from three aspects: the characteristics of the projects’ applicants, of the projects themselves and of the applicants’ organizations. The results show that the characteristics of the projects’ applicants have a significant impact on the scientific research value output of the fund project, especially his/her academic research foundation. There are significant differences in academic value output of fund projects in different disciplines, while the situation of the applicants’ organizations has no significant influence on the academic value output of the projects.
As an important economic policy in China, how will the industrial policy affect the intensity and allocation efficiency of resources? To answer this question, this paper analyzed the allocation efficiency among-industries of dual factors, which are production factors and innovation factors. Based on the production and innovation data in “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” and “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” from 2006 to 2015, using double difference method, we got the following conclusions are: (1) The R&D factors misallocation among industries in China is more serious than the production factors misallocation. However, compared with the sustained mitigation trend of the R&D factors misallocation, the production factors misallocation has a rapid aggravation trend after 2011. Therefore, it is very important to conduct a comprehensive analysis to the dual factors allocation efficiency of the role of industrial policy. (2) Policy increased the input factors in policy-supporting industries, especially the innovation factors. Such support is more reflected in the state-owned sector, but to the non-state sector is not significant. (3) After dividing into two states which are excessive input and insufficient input, empirical analysis show that China's industrial policy mainly aggravated the excessive input, but did not alleviate the insufficiency of factors input.
China's traditional manufacturing industry has gradually weakened its low cost competitive advantage, and the pressure of manufacturing transformation is increasing. It is a problem worthy of further discussion whether Service-oriented Manufacturing can improve the productivity of the enterprise and promote the structural reform of the supply side of the manufacturing industry. This paper selects the panel data of 30 provinces in China for 2007-2016 years, introduces technological innovation, manufacturing cost and transaction cost as an intermediary variable, and uses the intermediary effect model to explore the internal mechanism of Service-oriented Manufacturing efficiency of manufacturing industry. The results show that Service-oriented Manufacturing can significantly improve the efficiency of manufacturing industry. In terms of the internal mechanism of Service-oriented Manufacturing to improve the efficiency of manufacturing, Service-oriented Manufacturing can significantly improve manufacturing efficiency by promoting technological innovation in manufacturing, reducing manufacturing costs and transaction costs. For Service-oriented Manufacturing related services industries, wholesale and retail, transport, postal and financial industries are all able to improve the efficiency of manufacturing. The excessive prosperity of the real estate industry has hindered the effective allocation of resources, improved manufacturing costs and transaction costs of manufacturing, led to the negative impact on the improvement of manufacturing efficiency.
This paper takes the strategic emerging industries (SEI) as the research object to examines the impact of financial misallocation on the efficiency of government subsidies through the panel threshold model. The research finds that, (1) Government subsidies do not always promote the efficiency of corporate investment due to adverse selection and moral hazard; (2) Financial misallocation is a main environmental factor affecting the efficiency of government subsidies; (3) the effect of financial misallocation on government subsidies has significant asymmetric inverted "U" type and double threshold effect: if the misallocation in the left avertence areas, government subsidies have positive effect which can promote the corporate investment efficiency; if it in mildly bad areas, Government subsidies have a slight non efficiency effect; but if it in right avertence misallocation areas, government subsidies will not show significant efficiency results, leading to serious investment efficiency losses. This research confirm that the allocation of financial resources has a moderating effect on the policy guidance.
The failure rate of entrepreneurial activities is extremely high. How to promote serial entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of the government and scholars. This study attempts to explore the impact of entrepreneurial commitments on the serial entrepreneurial intention in the context of entrepreneurial failure. We consider the mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition as the core process of entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial commitment and serial entrepreneurial intention , and the moderated effect of environmental munificence. Empirical results showed that: (1) entrepreneurial commitment was positively related to the serial entrepreneurial intention; (2) entrepreneurial opportunity identification partially mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial commitment and serial entrepreneurial intention; (3) environmental munificence moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity identification and serial entrepreneurial intention. That is, the more friendly the entrepreneurial environment, the more stronger the mediating effect of entrepreneurial opportunity identification between entrepreneurial commitment and serial entrepreneurial intention. Those conclusions not only enrich the theoretical research on entrepreneurial commitment, but also have enlightening significance for Chinese entrepreneurial practice.
Based on the attention-based and age-dependent theory, this paper takes the start-ups listed from 2013 to 2017 as the research object, and on the basis of the text analysis of entrepreneurial policies under the background of "Internet +", verifies the impact of "Internet +" entrepreneurial policy strength, quantity and content on the fusion with the internet by start-ups, the results show that: (1) The relations between the strength and quantity of entrepreneurial policies and the degree of “Internet +” fusion of start-ups are inverted U-type; (2) Age has a negative moderating effect on the relations between the strength and quantity of "Internet +" entrepreneurial policies and the fusion of "Internet +" by start-ups; (3) The structure of entrepreneurial policies in the context of "Internet +" mainly includes five major policy themes, i.e., platforms, space for creation and base construction, financial support, talent introduction and training, technical support, and innovation service system construction and improvement. And these five major policy themes have positively promoted the fusion with the internet by start-ups.
Abstract: Technology convergence is an important symbol of industry convergence and plays a very important role in promoting major disruptive technological innovation and new product development. In the turbulent environment of rapid technology development, this paper analyzes the relationship between complementarity technology convergence, substitution technology convergence and enterprise new product development performance. By using the data of new products and patents of 343 green-power automobile enterprises in China's automobile industry and adopting the fixed- effect negative binomial regression model, the empirical study finds that: the substitution technology convergence is positively related to the company’s new product development performance and the technological turbulence has no effect on the relationship between them. Meanwhile a U-shaped relationship is found between the complementarity technology convergence and firm new product development performance and the technological turbulence has a signification negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between the complementarity technology convergence and firm new product development performance.
R&D internationalization is a major strategic choice for enterprises to realize innovation catching-up, but few studies have empirically explored the potential impact of foreign ownership and CEO. Based on the data of China's A-share manufacturing high-tech listed companies in 2011-2016, we analyze the logical relationship between foreign ownership and R&D internationalization, and further analyze the situational influence of CEO's decision horizon and Chair-CEO duality. The empirical results reveal that: First, foreign ownership have a significant positive impact on the depth and breadth of R&D internationalization; Second, as the CEO decision horizon becomes shorter, the positive impact of foreign ownership on the depth and breadth of R&D internationalization is weaker; Third, the CEO duality will enhance the negative adjustment of the CEO's short-term decision horizon on the relationship between foreign ownership and the depth and breadth of international R&D.
Based on the data of leading innovators in China, US and Japan for the 2012– 2017 period, this paper carried out OLS regression and quantile regression to estimate the extended Cobb-Douglas production function model. Through the transnational comparison of the output effect of R&D capital at the enterprise level, China's special mechanism of industrial development was discussed. Regression results show that there are distinct input-output effects among the leading innovators. The R&d capital of China's leading innovators has a higher output contribution rate than the physical capital. In mid-high technology industries and mid-low technology industries, the research and development capital of Chinese enterprises has a higher output contribution rate. In the high-tech industry, China's large enterprises have higher research and development efficiency. China's leading innovators are generally in the stage of increasing returns to scale.
Based on the theory of resource dependence and the team creative components, this study explores the mechanism of leader’s boundary spanning behavior on team creativity. This study used 78 teams and 323 team members as the research object. Through the analysis of the data which obtained by the team leader-member pairing survey, the results showed that: (1) team leader’s boundary spanning behavior has a significant positive impact on team creativity. (2)based on the theory of team creative components, team learning goal orientation, team absorptive capacity and creativity process immersion plays a regulatory role between leader’s boundary spanning behavior on team creativity.In short, this study not only expands the research of leadership behavior on creativity, but also focuses the role of boundary spanning behavior on the team leaders.Moreover, it examines the boundary conditions of leader’s boundary spanning behavior and team creativity, which provides theoretical reference and management enlightenment for enterprise managers to practice leadership crossover behavior and effectively promote team creativity.
From the perspective of knowledge space diffusion, the paper makes a theoretical analysis of the spatial correlation of industrial technological innovation efficiency. The paper uses the window MinDS super-efficiency model to measure the industrial technology innovation efficiency of 30 provinces from 2009 to 2015 in China and determines the spatial correlation of industrial technology innovation efficiency between provinces with the adjusted gravity model. Then the paper uses the method of social network analysis to reveal the characteristics and the determinants of spatial correlation network. The results show that there exists a more significant and complex network structure in provincial industrial technology innovation efficiency. The spatial correlation is getting closer and there is no hierarchical in the network. Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong and other Eastern and central developed provinces are at the core of the network, while Heilongjiang, Jilin, Guangxi and other western provinces are at the edge of the network. There are more intra-block correlations than inter-block correlations in the network. Spatial proximity, convenient transportation, similarity of industrial structure and difference of industrial technology innovation level have significant positive effects on spatial correlation of the provincial industrial technology innovation efficiency, while difference of informatization level has significant negative effects on spatial correlation. The study provides policy reference for the establishment of cross-regional synergistic promotion mechanism of industrial technology innovation efficiency and the implementation of regional innovation driving strategy.
In the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, technological distance is the premise that affects the rational choice of innovation models. In this paper, we use the DEA method to calculate the high-tech industry’s Malmquist index to represent technical distance. Then we choose the nonlinear panel threshold regression model and empirical analysis which could inspect technical distance nonlinear threshold character and study the internal correlation and influence mechanism of independent R&D and collaborative innovation on innovation performance improvement. As the threshold effect of technical distance, the following findings are established: (1) The impact of independent R&D on innovation performance has a triple-threshold relation, the trend is positive and sustaining rise before the third threshold and change to fall after that; (2) The impact of collaborative innovation on innovation performance has a double threshold effect, and the influence trend shows a transition from negative to positive as the technical distance decreases. When the technical distance is high, independent R&D should be the main approach to improve the performance of innovation. As the technology distance shrinks, it will be turned into an innovation model base on independent R&D and supplemented by collaborative innovation to improve the innovation performance in high-tech industries.
Combining the characteristics of reverse internationalization enterprises, and deconstruction of the innovation search strategy from two dimensions (network embeddedness and knowledge source utilization), this paper explores the different influences of two balanced innovation search modes (home-focuesd and foreign-multi search, home-multi and foreign-focused search) on organizational ambidexterity through strategic fit theory, and the moderating effects of decision rationality (causation and effectuation). In this paper，the multiple regression method is used to test the data of 245 enterprises. It is found that: (1)both of the two balanced innovation search modes promote organizational ambidexterity; (2)causation and effectuation have weakening effects on the positive relationship between the home and abroad cross-search balance and organizational ambidexterity; (3)the integration of causation and effectuation has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between |HM-AF| and organizational ambidexterity, but only positively strengthes the effects between |HF-AM| and integration level of ambidexterity. This research further deepens the understanding of the mechanism of innovation search balance on organizational ambidexterity based on decision rationality theory, and provides a new way of thinking for the innovation practice of reverse internationalization enterprises.
Abstract: It is an important way to promote regional development under the background of "the new normal" which promoting regional innovation performance by taking the opportunity of deep integration of military and civilian. In view of this, this paper constructs the weight of geographical distance and economic distance, and establishes the dynamic space panel model to test the influence effect of civil-military integration on the regional innovation performance with the panel data from 2007 to 2017 by integrating the data in 209 military companies listed companies. The results show that: (1) The integration of military and civilian is conducive to enhancing regional innovation performance, however, there is “space competition” in the regional innovation performance improvement effect of military and civilian integration in neighboring regions. (2) There is significant regional heterogeneity in the driving effect of military-civilian integration on innovation performance，it is effective to improve innovation performance by deepening the integration of military and civilian in the strong military-civilian integration area . (3) The difference in regional endowment restricts the spatial spillover effect of military-civilian integration，It can guarantee the improvement of overall innovation performance by “strong alliance” between the strong military-civilian integration area and others, but it inhibits the spillover effect between the weak military- civilian integration areas and others. So, this paper proposes that we should deepen the “distribution service”, and ensure the accuracy of policies, to promote the integration of the military and the people, and enhance the regional innovation performance.
