Experimentalist governance plays an important role in the governance system of Europe. Some scholars call for a global initiative to move towards experimentalist governance. China has implemented various pilot projects during the course of economic reform, political reform, environmental protection, population control, etc. Can China's unique pilot projects be categorized into experimentalist governance? This paper clarifies the differences in their mechanisms and institutional background. The unique peer review system of experimentalist governance is also very different from the widely diversified paths in China's pilot implementation. Therefore, China's pilot project cannot be regarded as experimentalist governance. Actually, China's governance to deal with some current social problems, such as air pollution and energy sustainability, is a new model that is parallel to experimentalist governance.
The American molecular biologist Douglas Prasher made tremendous contribution in the development of GFP, but he had to quit the academia for a number of reasons. On the basis of that history this paper is intended to analyze the matters of science foundation, opportunities and individualities of scientists. In addition, this paper also perceives that the solution of above problems is based on the sincere reflection of truth, competition and honor, and the efforts of each scholar and the whole society as well.
Abstract: The agglomeration of advanced R&D talents has great strategic value for the high-quality development of manufacturing industry in China. However, how the Sino US trade war affects the agglomeration of advanced R&D talents in manufacturing industry is a major theoretical and practical problem. Base on a big micro enterprise data named "innovation survey enterprise database", this paper constructs instrumental variables with the policy documents of technology introduction by the Chinese government, and studies how the Sino US trade war affects the agglomeration of advanced R&D talents in manufacturing enterprises of China. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, the decline of foreign technology introduction is beneficial for manufacturing enterprises of C_Min or C_Mid to improve the agglomeration of advanced R&D talents; Secondly, the decline of foreign technology introduction has a restraining effect on the agglomeration of advanced R&D talents of manufacturing enterprises of B_Max; Thirdly, the Sino US trade war is beneficial to improve the agglomeration of advanced R&D talents in "Talent Snatch War" Cities objectively. This paper provides valuable reference for the Chinese government to properly handle the U.S. technological blockade against China and to formulate appropriate policies for talent introduction in "Talent Snatch War" cities.
How to make a strategic response to the institutional complexity in transnational M&A integration process determines whether the strategic intention of transnational M&A can be achieved. Based on the perspective of adaptation and innovation, we identify two types of strategic responses to institutional complexity in the process of M&A integration: institutional adaptation and institutional co-creation, empirically test the impact of prior M&A motives on the selection of strategic response during the post-merger integration process, as well as the moderating effect of M&A experience and organizational slack on these relationships. The study finds that exploitative M&A firms tend to choose to implement institutional co-creation strategy, and the exploratory M&A firms tend to choose to implement institutional adaptation strategy, while the M&A experience and organizational slack positively adjust the above relationships.
The unique technological progress process of the underdeveloped countries is the starting point of analyzing the middle-income trap. In this paper, the process is divided into three stages: the transfer technology progress stage, the alternative technology progress stage and the innovative technology progress stage. The main reason for the middle-income trap is the change of technological progress mode and demand scale in the process of transition from the first stage to the second stage, and the size of domestic demand limits the difficulty of crossing the middle-income trap. The larger the scale of domestic demand, the lower the difficulty of spanning. At the same time, this paper uses the annual panel data of 28 industries in China from 2011 to 2017 to establish a fixed effect model to test the theoretical analysis results. The results conform to the hypothesis: the larger the demand scale is, the more independent research and development results are.
Improving the technological complexity of export is an important direction for China's foreign trade and economy to achieve high-quality development. Under controlling traditional variables, this paper focuses on the impact mechanism of inter-regional industrial transfer on the technological complexity of China's export, and makes an empirical evaluation using the Provincial Spatial Panel Model and data during the period from 2003 to 2017. The conclusion shows that the export technology complexity of a province is not only affected by its regional industrial transfer, but also by the regional industrial transfer of adjacent areas, which shows that the region industrial transfer is a significant promoting effect on the export technology complexity, but the industrial transfer of adjacent areas has a significant restraint on it. In addition,R&D and FDI in this region and its adjacent areas, as well as infrastructure improvement in the adjacent areas help to increase the technological complexity of export in the region.2017. The conclusion shows that the export technology complexity of a province is not only affected by its regional industrial transfer, but also by the regional industrial transfer of adjacent areas, which shows that the industrial transfer of the region has a significant promoting effect on the export technology complexity, but the industrial transfer of adjacent areas has a significant restraint on it. In addition, R&D investment and FDI in this region and its adjacent areas, and infrastructure improvement in the adjacent areas help to increase the technological complexity of export in the region.
Under the cross background of innovation becoming the first driving force of development and innovation resource constraints, there is great significance to improve the efficiency of industrial R&D for the realization of industrial innovation and development. Break through the limitations of single-stage or two-stage research on industrial R&D efficiency, this paper introduces GVC into the evaluation system of industrial R&D efficiency, and constructs the three-stage evaluation system of industrial R&D efficiency based on the deconstruction of GVC from two aspects of embedding potential and embedding intensity; on this basis, empirical research on the R&D efficiency of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry is conducted based on the three-stage perspective and SFA method, this paper reveals the law of three-stage R&D efficiency and their influencing factors. The results show that: (1) the embedding potential of GVC of the empirical industry is gradually increasing, but the embedding intensity is relatively stable; (2) the three-stage R&D efficiency of the empirical industry rises steadily in the empirical period, and the efficiency of R&D direct output is the highest, the climbing efficiency of GVC is the lowest; (3) the influencing intensity, significance and direction of the R&D input factors and influencing factors are heterogeneous. Based on the achievements of the empirical research, this paper puts forward the strategies to improve the industrial R&D efficiency, such as "strengthening GVC embedding" and "promoting the development of private sectors".
This paper studies the influencing factors of patent value from the perspective of patent transaction scenario which is of positive practical significance to improve the efficiency and energy of patent transaction market. This paper used the data of 463 patent transaction contracts (2009-2016) obtained from technology transfer contracts of Jiangsu province and it finally formed 491 patent sample. The research shows the value of university patent is obviously lower than that of enterprise patent in the current patent transaction market. Patent attributes have a particular influence on patent value under patent transactions, and it varies according to the patentee. The number of citations and patent maintenance time have a significant positive impact on the value of university patents. For corporate patents, the number of patent claims have a significant impact.The existence of pay-when-paid clause in patent transaction contracts could reduce the possibility of moral hazard and decentralize the development risk, so it can significantly increase the value of the patent of the university, but not significant for enterprise patents.
Select the panel data of 1470 companies recognized by the national high-tech enterprises from 2000 to 2017, establish a multi-regression analysis model to research the relationship between R&D investment, technology accumulation and innovation performance of high-tech enterprises, and the difference of the effect in the aspect that. whether registered in the high-tech zone or not and listed publicly or not. The results show that R&D investment has a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of high-tech enterprises. The internal R&D investment of the enterprise can produce better market performance than the financial R&D investment. The unique institutional advantages of high-tech enterprises registered in the high-tech zone can improve the efficiency of transformation from R&D investment to market performance, but the impact of financial funding is weaker than that outside the high-tech zone. High-tech enterprises with listed financing qualifications are less constrained by financing, making the positive impact of R&D investment on innovation performance more significant than unlisted. The conclusions of this paper can provide reference for the policy innovation of high-tech enterprises at this stage.
Based on the perspective of patent transfer, using theories of knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and patent-intensive industries, this paper studied the relationship between technology breadth, technology depth and the success rate of knowledge transfer from the micro patent level, and further explored the regulatory relationship between technology breadth, technology depth and the success rate of knowledge transfer in patent-intensive industries. Based on the data of 1,944,928 invention patents which were authorized in the mainland of China from 1991 to 2012, this paper used Probit-regression analysis to verify the relevant assumptions. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technology breadth and knowledge transfer, and the similar relationship exists between technology depth and knowledge transfer. Meanwhile, patent-intensive industries will weaken the inverted U-shaped relationship, making the transfer of complexed technology smoothly.
Events are regarded as an important driving factor for the establishment of social enterprises. Drawing on event system theory, we analyze the impact of events on the establishment process of social enterprises to break through the "cognitive bottleneck" of social enterprises. This paper takes four social enterprises as research samples to conduct a multi-case study on the impact mechanism of events on the process of social entrepreneurship in China with event system theory. Results show that key events play an important role in promoting the process of social entrepreneurship. What’s more, key events play an important moderating role in manifesting social problems, stimulating entrepreneurs' personal characteristics and obtaining social support. Specifically, events could make potential social problems manifesting and stimulate the inherent personal characteristics of social entrepreneurs, which will increase the possibility of identifying opportunities for social entrepreneurship. Furthermore, events could influence other entities to help social entrepreneurs to obtain social support, and then promote the landing of social entrepreneurship at the practical level.
Failure experience is a valuable entrepreneurial experience that provides valuable guidance for subsequent entrepreneurial activities and supports the development of follow-up innovation performance. Based on knowledge management theory and organization learning theory, this paper focuses on the relationship between the leaning of entrepreneurial failure and follow-up innovation performance, a multiple-mediation model is constructed to explore the effects and mechanism of the leaning of entrepreneurial failure, knowledge base, knowledge application and follow-up innovation performance in the context of international new ventures. This paper uses 198 international new ventures with the entrepreneurial failure experience as a sample and uses spss21.0 software and Mplus7.0 software to verify the constructed model. The results show that: (1) there is a significant correlation between the learning of entrepreneurial failure and follow-up innovation performance of international new ventures; (2) knowledge base and knowledge application play a chain mediation role between the learning of entrepreneurial failure and follow-up innovation performance; considering the knowledge base and knowledge application, the relationship between the learning of entrepreneurial failure and follow-up innovation performance is not significant. The research model opens up the black box in the process entrepreneurial failure learning to subsequent innovation performance, which brings some inspiration to entrepreneurs to better carry out the learning of entrepreneurial failure to promote the development of international new ventures .
Serial entrepreneurial action and its characteristics reflect the dynamic characteristics in the process of re-entrepreneurship, which determines the success of entrepreneurship. The importance of serial entrepreneurial action has attracted the attention of academics and industry, However, the research on what factors affect the serial entrepreneurial action is relatively lagging behind. Based on the grounded theory, this paper constructs the dimension of serial entrepreneurial action from the perspective of the effect of continuous entrepreneurship action.. This study extracts the influencing factors of serial entrepreneurial action through case studies of serial entrepreneurs such as Ma Yun, Shi Yuzhu, and Ren Zhengfei. Based on the interpretative structural model, this study deeply analyzes the intrinsic logical relationship and its hierarchical structure among the influencing factors. This study proposes that entrepreneurship is the driving force to promote serial entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurial learning is the foundation of serial entrepreneurship, emotional management is the necessary condition for serial entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial capital is the guarantee of serial entrepreneurship, which helps to provide theoretical supplement and practical guidance for the theory of serial entrepreneurship.
Innovation is an important driving force for organizational development. Physical environment has a great impact on innovation, but it has not been paid enough attention to. This review systematically assesses the existing research that physical environment affect innovation. Besides, we integrates the intuitionism that plays an important role in cognitive deviation and “libertarian paternalism”, which influences behavior, into the environmental factors. On the basis of Broken Window Theory, Social Space Theory, Trait Activation Theory and Attention Restoration Theory, we aims to summarize and explore the innovation and innovation behavior of the subject by constructing or changing the environment. Finally, from the perspective of restorative environment, the environment that values the present situation and the integration of physical stimulation in the workplace, the prospect of future research is put forward.
From the perspective of organizational imprint, this paper studies the impact of resource imprinting due to the external economic recession on the future innovation strategy choices of enterprises. Using the companies that are established between 1995 and 2010 and listed in the SME board and the GEM as a sample, a GEE model was constructed for empirical testing. The results show that enterprises established during the economic recession have formed habits of conservative investment. Under the continuous effect of resource scarcity, they also tend to choose conservative exploitative innovation in the future. However, with the increase in the intensity of investment in innovation resources, the relationship between the scarcity of resources and the choice of innovative strategies for enterprises has weakened. In addition, CEOs with technical backgrounds can enhance the companies’ sense of innovation and special risk preference for technology research and development, which will also weaken the relationship between the lack of resources and the future choice of exploitative innovation.
Iterative innovation is of great significance for the survival and development of new ventures and the maintenance of competitive advantage as an agile strategic model for fine-tuning startup technology, and related research has attracted wide attention from both theoretical and practical field. Based on the regulatory focus theory and absorptive-capacity theory, 160 experimental subjects were selected to explore the mechanism of the realization of entrepreneurial expectations, the regulatory focus of entrepreneur and the absorptive capacity of entrepreneur on iterative innovation. The research shows that the realization of entrepreneurial expectations has a significant impact on iterative innovation; the regulatory focus of entrepreneur plays a mediating role between the realization of entrepreneurial expectations and iterative innovation; and the absorptive capacity of entrepreneur plays a moderating role between the regulatory focus of entrepreneur and iterative innovation. The conclusions are of great significance for promoting the theoretical development and related research of iterative innovation, and provide necessary theoretical guidance for the iterative innovation of new ventures.
Climbing up the global value chain is the goal of China's resource-based industry development, and the level of open innovation is directly related to its position in the global value chain. Based on the theory of global value chain and open innovation, this paper takes 12 industries in China's resource-based industry from 2002 to 2014 as samples to empirically test the direct and interactive effect of global value chain embedding and open innovation on resource-based industry upgrading.By using Stata14.0, it is found that global value chain embedding has an effect of ”inverted U-type”on the upgrading of resource-based industries; open innovation is an effective way to drive the upgrading of resource-based industries, and it has a positive adjustment effect on the impact of resource-based industrial upgrading.The research conclusion shows that: facing the objective reality of serious overcapacity and insufficient effective supply, it is equally important to promote the optimization and upgrading of China's resource-based industries, deepen the supply-side structural reform, and finally realize the improvement of quality and efficiency by simultaneously promoting open innovation and appropriate global value chain embedding.
Based on the theory of organizational learning and absorptive capacity, this paper incorporates the knowledge search rhythm and knowledge reuse trajectories into the research framework from the time dimension, and analyses the moderating effect of knowledge search rhythm, knowledge reuse frequency and knowledge reuse lag on the relationship between knowledge search magnitude and firm innovation performance.Patent data from 81 firms in the wind power industry from 2008 to 2017 and the negative binomial regression model are used to verify the relevant assumptions. It is found that the new knowledge search magnitude has an inverted U-shaped effect on firm innovation performance; the rhythm of knowledge search positively moderates the relation between knowledge search magnitude and firm innovation performance; the knowledge reuse frequency negatively moderates the relation between knowledge search magnitude and firm innovation performance; and the knowledge reuse lag negatively moderates the relation between knowledge search magnitude and firm innovation performance.
