The State Council issued the Plan of Deeply Reform the Science and Technology System in 2017 aims to improve the national science and technology awards system, and to realize the original intention of the system that to promote the innovation and the scientific research. In this reform, the awards system ranges from the quota-recommend system to the nomination system, adopts the specific quantity awards system, clarifies the responsibility of the Expert Evaluation Committee and the authorities, ameliorates the credite system of science and technology, etc. How to interpret these reforms and the potential prolems, the study compares the construct and the development of the actor networks that forms before and after the passage of the plan from the Actor Network Theory (ANT). It leads to the conclusion, although the ‘obligatory passage point’ has been weakened after the reform, no significant changes occurs, for instance, the ‘enrollment’ and the‘mobilization’ from the applicants in the network remain the same. The utilitarian orientation of the national science and technology awards system has not been solved. In the bureaucratical science and technology awards structure, a further reform is needed in order to keep the crucial actors to play an independent role, reduce their active participation in terms of interest interaction and negotiation in the awarding system, thereafter, to form a fair and just environment for the competition.
In the demonstration of citizen science projects, researchers need to explain the project budget in detail, including the overall financing amount, specific budget items, and budget’s description. Based on the 850 citizen science projects and 3,356 budget items from the well-known public science platform—Experiment, this manuscript conducted three studies: (1) overall budget setting; (2) budget item setting; (3) budget text description analysis. Data mining, text mining, and econometric model are used to conduct a detailed study on the budget of citizen science projects and the impact on public willingness to participate. The empirical study shows that the overall amount has a positive impact on the public’s willingness to participate. And the richer the budget items, the more public participated in the campaign. A detailed description of the budget text expands the scale of participants and the amount of funds mobilized, but this effect presents an inverted U-shaped effect. The readability of the budget significantly increases the public's willingness to participate in citizen science projects. The subjective description of the budget text (relative to objective description) reduces the attractiveness of the project and has an inverted U-shaped effect; while relative to predictive description, factual description in the budget significantly increases the attractiveness of the project. This study shows the impact of budgets on citizen science and provides theoretical basis and practical reference for citizen science researchers to generate attractive budgets.
The highly cited researchers have a certain endogenous promotion effect and exogenous halo effect for scholars. So does being accredited enhance the productivity and impact of academics? If so, is that positive impact prevalent among the vast majority of award-winning researchers? The paper examines the relationship between highly cited researchers and academic productivity and impact at both an aggregate and individual level, using output data from Clarivate Analytics mathematics disciplines' highly cited researchers. Based on the overall average output of highly cited researchers versus individual output time series curve, the paper analyzes four career paths of highly cited researchers in China. The study found that being rated as a highly cited researchers has a certain facilitating effect on the influence of researchers. After researchers in mathematical disciplines received the highly cited researcher designation, the output of the papers did not increase but decreased, but the impact of the papers increased significantly.
Based on panel data of manufacturing trade between China and 78 countries (regions) from 2002 to 2017, this paper empirically examines the impact of import competition on the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing from the Amount and Quality levels, and introduces innovation as an mediation variable in order to study the transmission path of import competition to the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing. The research found that: import competition generally inhibited the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing, and innovation played a mediating role in the relationship between them; import competition in developed economies promoted the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing, but there is no mediating effect of innovation; import competition in developing economies has negative impact on the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing, and innovation appears as a partial mediating effect at the Amount level and complete mediating effect at the Quality level; import competition in transition economies also has negative impact on the high-quality development of Chinese manufacturing, and innovation plays a part of mediating effect at both the Amount and Quality levels.
Regional innovation construction is an important task to achieve high-quality development and implement the national innovation driven strategy. Based on symbiont theory framework of innovation system, this paper proposes an integrated analysis framework to describe the differences of regional innovation development. FSQCA is used to analyze the configuration of 31 provinces in China. The results reveal that internet development (symbiotic matrix) and industrial agglomeration (symbiotic network) are the necessary conditions for the high level development of regional innovation, and the lack of symbiotic environment is the necessary conditions for the non-high level development of regional innovation. There are three driving paths of high level development of regional innovation and two driving paths of non-high level development of regional innovation between which have asymmetric relationship. In the high-level development path of regional innovation, the full play of symbiotic network function depends on specific symbiotic environment. Under certain conditions, the symbiotic matrix, symbiotic network and symbiotic environment can achieve "the same result through different ways" by equivalent substitution.
It is significant to study the effect of seeking higher technology of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) firm on productivity. From the perspective of OFDI technology-seeking motivation, the paper makes an empirical study with data of China’s OFDI firms. The results show that: (1) OFDI technology-seeking motivation has a significant and positive effect on firm’s productivity, i.e. the higher the level of technological innovation in host country is, the higher the productivity of OFDI firm is;(2) The impacts of OFDI technology-seeking motivation on firm’s productivity are not only heterogeneous, but also different among host countries and regions. Therefore, we believe that seeking higher technology from countries with higher level technological innovation can be an important way to improve productivity; meanwhile it should consider heterogeneity impacts and make classified OFDI implementation.
Keywords: OFDI; Technology-seeking Motivation; Productivity
Selecting 298 patent policies texts issued at the national level from 1984 to 2019 as the main research object. We systematically analyzes the historical evolution of China's patent policy, inter-public relations, policy structure characteristics at different stages, overall evolution logic and trend. The study found that: China's patent policy has obvious stage characteristics with the development of science and technology and the market economy. It has gone through the domestic demand of initial establishment stage driven by reform and opening-up. The stage of integration with the international standards under the international pressure.The stage of fully promoting the capability of independent innovation, The stage of comprehensive governance from a big patent country to a powerfull patent country since the establishment of China's patent system in 1984. The entire evolution process also reflects the changing process of the importance of science and technology in the socio-economic development, the changes in the focus of patent development at different stages, and the characteristics and laws of the government's policy tools. During the overall evolution, the system of patent policy continues to expand, and reflects the characteristics of integration with the national innovation system, science and technology management system, and industrial economic system. At the same time, its functional positioning has shifted from traditional rights protection to the comprehensive functions such as stimulating innovation, promoting industrialization applications and economic system reform.
At present, although China's entrepreneurship research has realized the importance of environmental and social issues, the development and research of sustainable entrepreneurship integrating economic, ecological and social issues are still lack of attention. Based on this, this paper systematically searches, summarizes and analyzes 33 papers on sustainable entrepreneurship published in top entrepreneurship and management journals and sustainable research journals from 2010 to 2019 through the web of science database, and finds that in the last decade great progress has been made in research on sustainable entrepreneurship in foreign countries, while domestic theory and practice still need to be promoted. Based on the review and consideration of the research frontier of sustainable entrepreneurship in foreign countries, this paper distinguishes the incumbent enterprises from the new ones, puts forward a series of prospects for the research and development of sustainable entrepreneurship in China, and proposes that the government, intermediary organizations and individual enterprises should jointly help the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in China, and realize the coordinated development of economy, environment and society through the development of sustainable entrepreneurship.
Based on experiential learning theory and attribution theory, this study constructs a moderated mediation model to explore the direct and indirect impact of failure experience on new business performance. Along with a dataset from 235 Chinese rural entrepreneurs who failed previously, the Hierarchical regression analysis and Bootstrap test method are utilized to verify the direct impact of entrepreneurial failure on new performance, the mediating effect of learning from failure, and the moderating effect of failure attribution. The results show that: (a) there exists an Inverted-U shape relationship between entrepreneurial failure and new venture performance; (b) learning from failure plays a positive mediating effect; (c) the attribution of failure plays a significant moderating role on learning from failure; (d) although the moderating effect of failure attribution on new performance is not significant, the moderated mediation effect is statistically significant. Findings of this study not only extend the research of entrepreneurial failure, but also provide practical guidance for rural entrepreneurs, and offer important policy implications for policy makers.
Lean startup is an important route to facilitate rapid growth of new ventures, and it is a new topic with great value for both theory and practice. However, how new ventures implement lean startup, and how lean startup guides new ventures to get rid of resource constraints remain unexplored in extant researches. According to effectuation theory and individual motivation theory, we construct a model of lean startup, entrepreneurial bricolage, entrepreneur feedback seeking and entrepreneurial passion. Through an empirical study of 204 entrepreneurs, this paper arrives at the main findings as follows: firstly, lean startup has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial bricolage; secondly, entrepreneur feedback seeking has a mediating role in the relationship between lean startup and entrepreneurial bricolage; thirdly, entrepreneurial passion positively moderates the relationship between lean startup and entrepreneur feedback seeking.
Knowledge is the most important source of a company's competitive advantage, but it is unclear how companies use their knowledge base to find the optimal knowledge acquisition strategy. This study examines the threshold effect of four types of knowledge acquisition methods (internal R&D, technology purchase, cooperative R&D, and talent introduction) on innovation at the depth and breadth of the knowledge base. Based on the empirical analysis of 172 biomedical companies, the threshold effect of the depth and breadth of the knowledge base on the impact of knowledge acquisition on innovation performance has been confirmed. First, as the breadth of knowledge increases, independent R&D and technology purchase have gradually enhanced the promotion of innovation. However, R&D cooperation and talent introduction have an inverted U-shaped relationship to innovation. Secondly, with the deepening of the knowledge, internal R&D and talent introduction have an inverted U-shaped relationship to innovation performance, and the role of technology purchase and R&D cooperation in promoting innovation performance has gradually strengthened. Finally, based on the dual attributes of the knowledge base, companies are divided into five categories: knowledge-poor, specific, active, ideal, and general, and a checkered model of optimal knowledge acquisition combination strategy is developed.
In product R&D, companies often need to select R&D technology route for product combinations with alternative relationships. Based on the goal of optimizing the cost of the product portfolio of the company, a theoretical model is constructed. Considering the two technical routes of common technology R & D and special technology R & D, and key factors such as market substitution rate, analyze and obtain the constraints and equilibrium results of product R & D investment in different situations. By comparison, the decision-making plan basis for companies to select technology routes is obtained, and the profit change trend of different product R & D technology routes under the effect of market substitution rate is predicted.
Based on the case study of Haier Group's innovation ecosystem, this paper opens a platform black box for how to coordinate the participants' participation in complementary innovation. This study analyzes the characteristics of different types of participants from the following two dimensions: resource endowment and ecosystem location. This research pays attention to the interaction process between participants and focus firm when they complement resources. We focus on the focal firm coordination behavior of prospective resourcing processes with different types of participants. This study found that ecosystem participants with different resource endowments will complement the innovation activities through responsive prospective resourcing, targeted prospective resourcing and collaborative prospective resourcing processes, while focal firm will adopt different coordination mechanisms upon different participants considering their resource endowments and locations in the ecosystem. Therefore, this study summarizes the logical relationship between the role of the participants in the innovation ecosystem, the prospective resourcing process and the matching and innovation of the focal firm coordination mechanism, and finally provides an integration framework.
Enterprises increasingly depend upon the innovation of supply chain partners to deliver additional value to customers with ever shifting preferences.This paper discusses the impact of R&D organizational structure on the utilization of supplier and customer innovation. Although both suppliers and customers are members of the supply chain, they are differ significantly in the type of knowledge they can provide and how easily it can be accessed. Enterprises need to match the organizational structure of R&D with the strategy of external knowledge source.The results from listed manufacturing companies in china show that: compared with customer innovation, supplier innovation has a more significant promoting effect on enterprise innovation performance. Centralized r&d organization helps manufactures’ absorption of supplier innovation performance and enhance the positive effects of innovation performance between them. Decentralized R&D organization increase the manufacturers’ capacity to leverage customer innovation .
