The subjective uncertainty risks of high technology mainly come from different interests or value pursuits of various stakeholders. When it regards to the cutting-edge biotechnology, it exhibits a high level of subjective uncertainty and is more likely be amplified during institutional spreading processes. Due to different concerns, relevant stakeholders may have difficulties in understanding certain technology ideas and some core technological information may even be modified while being spreading. Based on this, it appears possible to cause a series of threats as to the technology development, human health, environment and so on. Recently, biotechnology’s risks have gained much attention both in academia and public. In order to explore the mechanisms of how biotechnology’s subjective uncertainty arises, reveal the uncertainty distribution processes and figure out the potential corresponding risks, this paper employs the risks’ amplification perspective and attempts to investigate the cutting-edge biotechnology’s risk sources and distribution processes. To take more details into account and improve results’ validity, a method of case study of open release experiment of genetically modified mosquitoes by Oxitec has been adopted. Data from academic papers, interviews with related scientists and third-party platforms have been collected and analyzed. Based on the results, three major conclusions are abstracted and displayed as follows: (1) the subjective uncertainty is mainly generated from the technology per se during the initial researching period. The major stakeholders engaged in this stage include both technology-related researchers and independent scientists from different researching domains. Because of their various knowledge backgrounds and attitudes towards risks, there gradually arises different disputes among scientists. (2) The focal organizations play a key role of bridging labs with society. Based on this linkage, specialized technologies become widely exposed in the public. Nonetheless, there exists some barriers for the public to understand the relevant expertise knowledge. As a result, given focal firms’ incentives of speeding up the technological commercialization process, it provides possibilities for organizations to conduct opportunistic behaviors by taking advantages of the information asymmetries. (3) Social institutional designs and implementation determine subjective uncertainty’s spreading directions. Institutional framework demonstrates patterns regarding interests and responsibilities allocation among participants. Improper institutional designs result in loose regulations over technological risks’ prevention and control. As a consequence, some potential technological threats may eventually be ignored. Meantime relatively lax institutional implementation also inhibits some stakeholders’ power of discourse, focal firms’ radical attitudes are thus been encouraged. Based on these theoretical conclusions, this paper finally proposes some institutional approaches to better manage subjective uncertainties from perspectives of independent scientists’ discourse power, institutional supervision systems and communication mechanisms among the public. In summary, especially during the covid-19 pandemic, this paper decides to respond to the recently rising concerns about pros and cons of cutting-edge biotechnology’s development. Meanwhile, this paper also takes further steps into investigating the integrated characteristics of cutting-edge biotechnology and the theory of technological risk management. Through bringing stakeholders’ roles into the theoretical analysis, this paper not only expands the research of technological risk management, but also enriches the corresponding managerial implications and highlights the significance for the prevention of frontier biotechnology risks in the long run.
Social innovation is an effective way to solve social problems such as poverty, environmental pollution and the aggravation of polarization between the rich and the poor. Although social innovation is as important as scientific and technological innovation, its mechanism of transformation and practice is more complex, which requires the exchange and cooperative production of knowledge producers and knowledge users. Knowledge mobilization can break through the "barriers" among knowledge subjects, effectively connect knowledge producers and knowledge users, change the situation of "going their own way" between knowledge subjects, and improve the level of social innovation. The existing literature on knowledge mobilization and social innovation is fragmented and scattered in different research fields. Based on 224 literatures from 2007 to 2020, this paper systematically combs the conceptual framework, operation mechanism and evolution paradigm of knowledge mobilization, discusses the relationship between knowledge mobilization and social innovation based on the four helix theory, and constructs a theoretical analysis framework of knowledge mobilization from the perspective of social innovation, so as to provides theoretical guidance for bridging the gap between theory and practice of social innovation and effectively promoting the achievements transformation of social innovation. The results show that knowledge mobilization is different from the traditional one-way transfer and linear transmission of knowledge, but the two-way interaction and knowledge sharing between knowledge producers and users. Knowledge mobilization is a complex system composed of knowledge producers, knowledge users, knowledge intermediaries and their situations. Knowledge mobilization includes four modes: producer pull, user push, knowledge exchange and knowledge cooperative production. It has experienced the evolution from linear model to circular iterative model. Its operation mechanism is a circular iterative process including research, dissemination, utilization and influence. In this process, the public is embeded into the social innovation system, forming an innovation ecosystem including the government, universities, enterprises and the public. Different knowledge subjects constantly exchange and interact with each other to promote the co-production of knowledge and produce the value increase.
With China's growing scientific and technological strength, the trade disputes initiated by the US against China reflect more a concern that China's technological progress threatens its technological hegemony in addition to reversing trade, economic and social disadvantages. This is also an important reason for the US to focus its trade sanctions directly on the high-tech sector, targeting industries included in the “Made in China 2025” strategic catalogue such as medical devices, high-speed railway equipment and biological medicine, and the high-tech companies such as Huawei, Tencent and Baidu to manufacture low-end lock-in dilemmas. With regard to the current new situation where the globalization of science and technology is constantly deepening and the flow of innovation factors is increasingly forming a global network, latecomer firms in emerging economies such as China, India and Singapore have specified R&D internationalization as an important strategy, seeking for advanced technologies, creating and maintaining competitive advantages on a global scale through the establishment of overseas R&D institutions and other forms, which has macroscopically contributed to the gradual transfer of innovation resources and achievements to emerging economies. On this basis, this paper focuses on the following question: Is the trade dispute initiated by the US against China hindering the internationalization of R&D by Chinese companies due to its wariness of China's technological progress? What are the influence mechanisms? In-depth answers to these questions are of great significance to the implementation of the “Made in China 2025” strategy and the improvement of manufacturing industry’s competitiveness in a complex international environment.
Among the literature on trade disputes affecting micro-firm behaviors, those relevant to this paper is to explore how trade disputes affect firm innovation, but the findings are still controversial. Meanwhile, this paper argues that existing research still has the following shortcomings: firstly, the previous research has focused more on how trade disputes affect firms' domestic innovation, lacking empirical evidence on the internationalization of R&D. Secondly, the existing studies mainly explain how trade disputes affect firms' innovation through export control, without exploring other possible pathways rooted in the Chinese context. Finally, the existing research designs usually ignore the two-way causality and sample selection biases.
By summarizing the above research findings and shortcomings, based on the trade dispute initiated by the US against China from 2001-2019, this paper takes China's A-share listed manufacturing companies as the research object to examine the impact of Sino-US trade disputes on the internationalization of Chinese firms' R&D, and constructs the PSM-DID model and 2SLS model in the robustness test to improve the credibility of the findings. The results show that facing trade investigations, Chinese firms will reduce their R&D internationalization activities in the next period, which is caused by export control, import competition and market pressure. Further inspection finds that the above negative influence appears more obviously in companies subject to anti-dumping or countervailing investigations, firms conducting R&D in the United States and developing countries as well as technology-intensive and capital-intensive industries.
Based on the findings, this paper proposes the following policy suggestions. Government should formulate countermeasures against trade disputes to mitigate the negative impact of export control, import competition and market pressure on firms' R&D internationalization. Firstly, it is necessary to stabilize existing export shares and expand trade partnerships to mitigate export control shocks; secondly, tariffs on US high-tech products should be levied to mitigate import competition shocks; and finally, it is important to guide local governments to set up special funds for R&D internationalization to mitigate market pressure shocks.
Narrowing the regional differences of manufacturing intelligentization has become the primary problem to comprehensively and coordinately promote the development of manufacturing intelligentization. Therefore, revealing the regional characteristics and differential convergence rule of China's manufacturing intelligentization systematically is of great significance for formulating scientific, reasonable and targeted manufacturing intelligentization policies, and constructing higher quality, more efficient, fair and sustainable coordinated development pattern of manufacturing intelligentization. Firstly, the index system of manufacturing intelligentization is constructed based on the perspective of technological economy paradigm, and measured by entropy weight method. On this basis, the spatial distribution of manufacturing intelligentization is described by spatial correlation, so as to investigate the regional characteristics. Then, the method of theil index and structural decomposition is used to quantify the regional differences of manufacturing intelligentization and reveal the source of the differences. Finally, the spatial β convergence model is used to test the convergence of manufacturing intelligentization in the whole country and three regions, and then explores the convergence rule. It is found that: (1) the manufacturing intelligentization in China has the characteristics of homogeneous agglomeration and unbalanced regional development. The global spatial autocorrelation indicates that the spatial distribution is not completely random, but a higher (or lower) manufacturing intelligentization area, which is often adjacent to one or more higher (or lower) manufacturing intelligentization areas. It shows that the eastern region years has been in the "high-high" agglomeration area, and the western region has been in the "low-low" agglomeration area for many years; Local spatial autocorrelation shows that the development of manufacturing intelligentization has the dual imbalances of between regions and within one region; the spatiotemporal transition shows that the spatial distribution of manufacturing intelligentization has high stability, and there are linkage effects among areas. (2) The overall difference in manufacturing intelligentization is relatively high but decreasing, and the differences within one region is the main source of overall difference. Among them, the eastern region, the contribution rate of theil index average is the largest, highest followed in the western region and central region to a minimum, that to narrow the differences within one region, especially in the eastern region, is an important driving force for the coordinated development of manufacturing intelligentization. (3) Absolute β convergence exists in the eastern, central and western regions, but not in the whole country, indicating that the differences between regions in manufacturing intelligentization will appear for a long time, but the differences within one region will disappear automatically. After considering the factors of technological innovation investment, human capital and informatization level, conditional β convergence exists in the whole country and the three regions, and conditional β convergence rate of the national, eastern and western region is faster than absolute β convergence rate, indicating that after considering the control variables, the differences between regions and within one region inter-regional in manufacturing intelligence will gradually narrow. Among them, human capital is conducive to narrowing the differences between regions and within the eastern and western regions, and the informatization level is conducive to narrowing the differences between regions and within the central and western regions.
Innovations in technology, business formats and models promote the emergence of emerging industries, and the differentiated development paths of emerging industries have obvious laws. Existing studies have paid too much attention to government support and supervision issues in the development of emerging industries, while relatively neglecting the type analysis and influencing factors of their development paths. Uncertainty is the core feature of emerging industries. Drawing lessons from Douglas North’s analysis framework on dealing with uncertainty, this article chooses "value consensus" and "technical determination" as two important points for understanding and analyzing the development path of emerging industries. Dimension, based on four typical cases of blockchain, unmanned driving, sharing economy and financial technology, outlines four paths for the development of emerging industries: value-led exponential growth, technology-supported logarithmic growth, and value-driven technology dual-driven Linear growth and tortuous growth under the adjustment of value consensus. The study found that value consensus is the internal driving force for the development of emerging industries, while technological certainty is its direct restriction, and the government's role is embedded in the development of emerging industries to play a guiding and regulating role. This article attempts to establish an explanatory framework for the development of emerging industries, which is of positive significance for understanding and understanding the differentiated development paths of emerging industries from "0" to "1".
Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, the digitization configuration reflecting index is designed. Combined with the projection pursuit method, the digitization configuration character of eastern, central and western areas of China are identified by using the sample data from 2011 to 2019; LDA method is used to extract key words to obtain ten themes of three major policies - element, process and application policy; fsQCA method is used to explore the matching policy combination, and the corresponding matching relationship between regional digitization configuration and policy combination is also offered. The four core policies extracted are element and process policies, and the application policies are auxiliary policies. Finally, the priority of policy combination in different regions is determined by using the method of geographic detector. The results show that the implementation effect of policy combination is better than that of single policy. The element policy is high-level policy, and its internal importance order is digital infrastructure, digital technology, digital talents and digital analysis; Process policy is the intermediate policy, the internal order is digital commerce, digital production and digital logistics; Application policy is the preliminary policy, the internal order is digital government, digital industry and digital society.
Under the background of lack of "neck-stuck" key core technologies in China, General Secretary Xi has repeatedly pointed out the correct path for breaking through key core technologies through Industry-University-Research (IUR) deep integration. Consequently, research on the evolution mechanism of this process has become an urgent practical and theoretical problem. However, since IUR deep integration and breakthroughs in key core technologies are both recent research hotspots, rigorous academic research just started, only focusing on speeches, news reports, and policy documents. Although some articles have mentioned the important role of IUR deep integration in breaking through key core technologies, there are almost no serious academic discussions on the specific path for breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration. In addition, research on the evolution of key core technologies also follows the general research paradigm of technology evolution, and has not yet cut into the internal structure of key core technologies. Therefore, this paper raises the following research questions: What are the dynamic evolution path and mechanism of private manufacturing leaders’ breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration?
Given the research gaps and important practical significance, this paper takes Sany Group as an example, adopts exploratory single-case research design to deeply explore the evolution path of private manufacturing leaders’ breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration, and constructs a dynamic evolution model following core logic of “IUR deep integration — key core technology innovation capability enhancement — key core technology breakthrough”. Results show that: in the process of private manufacturing leaders’ breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration, IUR deep integration strategy undergoes a process of “loose → exploratory → exploitory → deep integration”; key core technology innovation capabilities follow path of “R&D and manufacturing capabilities of key core components → integrated innovation capabilities of key core technologies and process → self-developed and manufacturing capabilities of key core products → comprehensive digital innovation capabilities of key core products”; key core technology breakthroughs follow the path of “function breakthroughs → performance breakthroughs → reliability breakthroughs → frontier breakthroughs”.
The main theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: First, few studies deeply analyze the organizational strategy and evolution path of IUR deep integration. This paper identifies four evolution stages and four strategies of IUR deep integration, and constructs a dynamic evolution model for breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration, enriching research related to IUR deep integration. Second, existing research has not decomposed key core technology innovation capabilities. This paper concludes four key core technology innovation capabilities from the Sany case and identifies the interaction effects of step-by-step improvement and reverse promotion among four key core technology innovation capabilities, enriching research related to key core technology innovation capabilities. Third, existing research does not focus on the evolution mechanism of breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration. This paper explores the concrete evolution path of private manufacturing leaders’ breaking through key core technologies through IUR deep integration, and constructs a dynamic evolution model, enriching research related to evolution path of key core technologies.
Innovative entrepreneurship is an important engine for achieving high-quality economy. However, the proportion of innovative entrepreneurship in China is low, so how to improve the level of innovative entrepreneurship is an important issue to be solved in China. Existing literature mainly focuses on the influence of individual factors at the level of entrepreneurial orientation and institutional environment on innovative entrepreneurship, while ignores the interaction effect between different institutional logics such as government and culture. Therefore, it remains unknown how more diversified and complex interactions affect innovative entrepreneurship under the circumstance that different institutional logics and entrepreneurial orientation are intertwined.
Although scholars have tried to use regression analysis to study the institutional complexity from the perspective of contingency, the configuration perspective based on holism is more suitable for analyzing the complex causality due to such multiple interactions. Because traditional regression analysis focuses on the net-effect at the variable level, it has limitations in analyzing the synergy of multiple factors. The configuration analysis uses abduction logic to explore the combination of factors that produce focal results, and it is suitable for exploring the complex relationship between multiple logics and innovative entrepreneurship. Therefore, based on the theory of institutional complexity and entrepreneurial orientation, this article employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis from the configuration perspective, using case data from 50 economies worldwide, to explore the casual complexity of multiple logics on innovative entrepreneurship when different institutional logics and entrepreneurial orientation are intertwined.
The results show that: (1) none of government policies, financial capital, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial culture, risk taking and innovativeness alone could constitute the necessary condition of high innovative entrepreneurship, while improving entrepreneurial education plays a more general role in promoting innovative entrepreneurship. (2) there are three recipes for high innovative entrepreneurship-government dominant with education driven path, government-cultural helping with capital-education-risk taking driven path and culture dominant with capital and education driven path-that represent multiple, equally effective paths for generating high innovative entrepreneurship. (3) there are five recipes for not-high innovative entrepreneurship, and the relationships between the paths of high and not-high innovative entrepreneurship are asymmetric.
This paper has the following theoretical contributions. First, this paper proposes an integrated analysis framework for studying the determinants of innovative entrepreneurship, which provides a foundation for empirically investigating the relationship between multiple antecedents and innovative entrepreneurship, and for an in-depth understanding of the combinations of antecedents that generate high innovative entrepreneurship; Second, this article explores the role of multiple logical interactions of different institutional logics and entrepreneurial orientation in shaping innovative entrepreneurship from the configuration perspective, which helps to gain a finer-grained understanding of innovative entrepreneurship. Finally, by examining the impact of multiple institutional factors and their interactions on innovative entrepreneurship, this article responds to the appeal that more research is needed to understand the coupling effect of different institutional logics from the perspective of institutional complexity. Moreover, this article brings policy implications for improving the level of China's innovative entrepreneurship. First, based on the current status of China’s institutional environment, the government should choose a path, among the multiple paths that generate high innovative entrepreneurship, that is more suitable for the country’s endowment, and make policy mix with the consideration of linkage of multiple factors. Second, the government should strengthen the popularization of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills in the education system, improve the entrepreneurial literacy of citizens, and increase the attractiveness of entrepreneurship as a career choice to the citizens.
The implementation of the “double innovation” strategy has promoted the vigorous development of the incubation industry. It also brings the increase number of incubation carriers and incubated enterprises. And the incubating enterprises have gradually become the main force to promote regional technological progress, economic development and overall strength enhancement. However, in practice, the problems of low performance and insufficient growth of incubating enterprises have not been solved. The survival and sustainable development of incubated enterprises in China are facing severe challenges. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the underlying incentives and the path for transformation and upgrading. Existing studies have mostly focused on the impact of external macro-factors, such as policy environment and market economy on the innovation activities and performance of incubating enterprises. Researches on incubating enterprises’ internal driving factors are also limited in a single-element level, which lack a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the organizational elements of incubating enterprises from a micro perspective. Based on the organizational element theory, this paper empirically explores the influence of characteristics of incubating enterprises on innovative behavior selection and entrepreneurial performance. The relevant research data has been collected from Changchun, Shenyang, Beijing, Qingdao, Hangzhou and other places across China by research questionnaires. Finally, on the basis of data from 467 valid questionnaires, the empirical analysis has been conducted. The research results show that: the characteristics of organizational elements such as innovative organizational culture, entrepreneurial strategic orientation and flexible organizational structure of incubating enterprises can significantly promote the development of their innovative behaviors and entrepreneurial performance. And the promotion effect of the innovative organizational culture is the most obvious.; Both exploratory and exploitative innovation behaviors have significant positive impacts on the entrepreneurial performance of incubating enterprises, and the promotion effect of the exploratory innovation is more obvious; Both innovation behaviors also play partial intermediary role in the influence of the characteristics of the incubating enterprise’s elements on entrepreneurial performance, and exploratory innovation has a stronger effect on the improvement of entrepreneurial performance than exploitative innovation. Based on the research conclusions, we put forward three enlightening countermeasures that include: firstly, it is important to strengthen the cultivation of the innovative elements of incubating enterprises, and should pay attention to the collaborative integration of innovative organizational culture, entrepreneurial strategic orientation and flexible organizational structure to maximize the entrepreneurial performance of incubated enterprises. Secondly, incubated enterprises should focus on the resource investment of exploratory innovation activities, and seek innovative business operation mode through technological development and knowledge innovation in new fields. Through integrating the dual innovation behavior mode of exploitation and exploration, synergistic effects will be created. At last, the local government should play the role of innovation driver and guide, advocate the spirit of innovation, and create the culture of innovation in the whole society. For example, in the field of talent cultivation and financial and taxation policies, governments should give active support. By creating a better policy environment, it is believed that the entrepreneurial performance and incubation success rate of incubated enterprises can be improved in the future.
After the failure of the first entrepreneurship, why do some entrepreneurs give up while others restart? The study aims to explore the effects of a new, understudied imprint — the first entrepreneurial event — on serial entrepreneurship. Based on the imprinting theory, this paper first explores the negative effect of entrepreneurial failure on serial entrepreneurship, and then discusses how features of sensitive period and stamps of the environment during the genesis of imprinting affect the decay of imprinting. We explore the effects of four elements (failed entrepreneur’s age, the duration and the development stage of the failed entrepreneurial firm, as well as social tolerance) on serial entrepreneurship.
The study uses the multi-regional data from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey to conduct the empirical study. The main findings are listed as follows: (1) the first entrepreneurial failure event has a negative effect on serial entrepreneurial activity. (2) The younger the entrepreneur ending the first failure event, the greater the likelihood of serial entrepreneurship. (3) The duration of the entrepreneurial failure event exhibits an inverted u-shaped relationship on serial entrepreneurial activity. (4) When the entrepreneurial failure event happens in the firm’s growth stage (compared with ending in the introductory stage and the maturity stage), the likelihood of serial entrepreneurship is higher. (5) When the first entrepreneurial failure event occurred in a more tolerant region, the likelihood of serial entrepreneurship is higher. The study also examines the gender differences of the effect of the first entrepreneurial failure event on serial entrepreneurship and finds that compared to male, female tends to be more sensitive to the first startup failure.
This research applies the imprinting theory into entrepreneurship, and, for the first time, evaluates the profound impact of the first entrepreneurial event on entrepreneurs’ economic behaviors. Relevant research focused on the entities’ behaviors and environment during the metamorphosis of imprinting (the period after first startup ends), while this paper focuses on entrepreneurs and environment during the genesis of imprinting. Further, previous research analyzed the factors affecting serial entrepreneurship mainly from the perspectives of cognitive, risk perception, attribution and learning, while ignored the previous entrepreneurial imprinting. Consequently, this paper enriches the research perspectives of both imprinting theory and serial entrepreneurship.
Moreover, this study sheds light on how entrepreneurs escape the entrepreneurial failure trap and move forward, and also provide insights on how government promotes high-quality entrepreneurial activities. Firstly, the government could strengthen the education to improve the entrepreneurial skills, support the media and the public to objectively understand the difficulties of entrepreneurship, and improve the public’s tolerance to failure, which may relieve entrepreneurs’ social pressure and, further, bring their startup experience into full play. Secondly, besides supporting novice entrepreneurs, the government should also pay attention and provide more support on experienced serial entrepreneurs. Finally, entrepreneurs’ failure stories and inspiring experiences could be shared by media, which may promote the sustainable development of the healthy entrepreneurial ecosystem.
The entrepreneurial mode of entrepreneurs based on digital platform empowerment has attracted the attention of the industry in the digital context, but how entrepreneurs use the platform to break through the dual constraints of entrepreneurial opportunities and resources to achieve higher entrepreneurial success rate has not been revealed. From the perspective of platform empowerment and value co creation, combined with the integrated development theory of opportunity resources, this paper selects four start-ups based on Xiaomi digital platform as the main case analysis unit to do embedded multi case study, and mainly answers: how can digital platform entrepreneurship break the double constraints of opportunity resources? The results show that: in the demand identification stage, with the help of knowledge and data empowerment of digital platform, entrepreneurs can promote the value co creation with entrepreneurial service providers, realize the integrated identification of opportunity resources, break through the constraints of opportunity resource identification, and promote the value co creation with technology developers and suppliers with the help of digital platform technology empowerment and supply chain empowerment in the product development stage, In the marketing stage, with the help of digital platform brand empowerment and channel empowerment, we can promote the value co creation with users and channel providers, realize the integrated development of opportunity resources, and break through the constraints of opportunity resource development. It reveals the "black box" of how entrepreneurs achieve high entrepreneurial performance with the help of digital platform and enriches the digital situational entrepreneurship theory.
This paper aims at an empirical analysis of how relational capital of the scientific collaboration network influence affect firm's technological innovation performance,and the mediating role of firm's partners dynamic,based on 2000-2015 China's 502 biomedical engineering firms 9233 co-authored papers data to construct the scientific collaboration network and 16,754 invention patents were filed between 2001 and 2016. The data were collected from Web of Science and China National Intellectual Property Administration. The results show that the relationship breadth and relationship strength in the scientific cooperation network have a significant positive impact on the performance of technological innovation. The relationship breadth of scientific cooperation network is beneficial to the expansion of corporate partners, while the relationship strength has a positive effect on the stability of corporate partners. The stability and expansion of partners have a complete mediating effect on the impact of the breadth and strength of scientific cooperation network on the firm's technological innovation performance.
As a high-order iteration of information technology, digital technology has created a rare historic opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of the global manufacturing industry. In the digital economy era, digital technology is a key strategic resource of enterprises with innovative advantages. How to make digital technology play a better role in manufacturing enterprises and promote the digital innovation practice of enterprises is an urgent problem to be solved in the digital transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Digital technology affordance is a key inducement for the heterogeneity of enterprise digital innovation. After deconstruction, digital technology affordance can be divided into cumulative affordance and variant affordance. Based on the perspective of coherent and flexible search, this paper discusses the mechanism of its influence on the realization of the value of enterprise digital innovation. In addition, the generativity function of digital infrastructure in the digital technology affordance serves as a connecting mechanism between the realization of digital innovation value and the digital technology affordance, it provides an explanation mechanism for exploring the process mechanism of enterprise sustainable digital innovation.
Therefore, this paper constructs the theoretical model of the realization mechanism of enterprise digital innovation value, trying to answer the paradox that similar digital technology will produce different effects in different enterprises. This paper adopts the method of questionnaire survey to obtain sample data, focuses on the digital innovation practice of advanced manufacturing enterprises in Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, and uses the sample data of 894 private high-tech enterprises for empirical test and analysis. The results show that the cumulative affordance of digital technology has a significant positive influence on the value intensity and the value scope of enterprise digital innovation. While the variant affordance of digital technology also has a significant positive influence on the value intensity and the value scope of enterprise digital innovation. The coherent search mechanism helps to strengthen the relationship between cumulative affordance and the value intensity of digital innovation, and the relationship between variant affordance and the value scope of digital innovation. While flexible search strengthens the relationship between variant affordance and the value scope of digital innovation.
The findings of the study have made significant theoretical contributions to clarify the realization mechanism of digital technology affordance and digital innovation value of enterprises. At the same time, it also provides the following three practical inspirations for manufacturing enterprises to realize the value of digital innovation. First, enterprises need to be good at using digital technology to promote the transformation and upgrading of organization. In the practice of digital innovation, enterprises can use digital technology to upgrade or replace traditional production technology according to their own situation, and promote product innovation and upgrading, better respond customer demand and create enterprise value. Secondly, managers need to promote steady digital reform and innovation through duality search strategies. Finally, enterprises can further develop the generative characteristics of digital technology by building a digital resource database to better perceive the current innovation status of digital technology applied to products, so as to adjust the application strategy of digital technology in enterprises and promote the sustainable realization of the value of enterprise digital innovation.
Incentive structure has a decisive impact on the innovation efficiency of core technology, but there is still a lack of research on how to allocate incentive structure to achieve higher innovation efficiency and its internal mechanism. By using grounded method to analyze the incentive structure of Huawei's core technology innovation, it is found that emotion is the basis of internal relationship of various incentives, material incentive is the basis of organizational incentive and spiritual incentive, and organizational incentive is the basis of spiritual incentive and its internalization; The overall incentive intensity of an enterprise is related to the innovation intensity. High innovation goals produce great innovation resistance and innovation pressure at the same time. High intensity incentive can eliminate employees' innovation resistance and transform external pressure into innovation power; Under the constraint of total incentive cost, the overall incentive level can be improved by adjusting the incentive content and frequency; The goal of incentive is to make employees consistent with the company in economic, emotional and spiritual aspects, continuously envolve in and focus on technology R&D, and constantly break through core technology, so as to realize the accumulation of core technology and capital of the enterprise, and form an enhanced loop.
Although design has been acknowledged as the third driving force of innovation besides technology-push and marketing-pull, the impact of product design on disruptive innovation bas not been addressed in previous literature. Drawing from the perspective of disruptive innovation and design-driven innovation, this research conceptualizes design of disruptive innovation design being composed of three distinct product-level dimensions: aesthetics, primary functionality and secondary functionality. Further, the article examines the impact of these design dimensions on consumers’ perceptions and purchase intention. Empirical results using data surveyed 307 potential customers in China’s passenger and cargo dual-purpose utility vehicle industry reveal significant influences of the three design dimensions on consumer perceptions of usefulness, ease of use and cost-effectiveness, and three consumer perceptions further have significant impacts on purchase intention. Moreover, the aesthetic dimension and secondary functionality dimension of design have both indirect and direct impacts on consumer purchase intention, whereas primary functionality dimension has to influence on purchase intention totally through consumer perceptions. These results have important implications for academic researchers and managers.
