This paper uses the entropy weight method to measure the intelligence index of China’s manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2019, and uses the fixed effect model, the threshold effect model, the system GMM and instrumental variable method to examine the impact mechanism of innovation capacity and labor costs on the level of manufacturing intelligentization. The results show that innovation capacity and labor cost both promote the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry. The interaction between innovation capacity and the cost of medium and high-skilled labor has a significant positive effect on the improvement of the level of manufacturing intelligence, and the positive effect of the interaction with the cost of high-skilled labor has a time lag. Furthermore, regional heterogeneity shows that the increase in the cost of medium and high-skilled labor in the eastern region will enhance the intelligent transformation effect of innovation in manufacturing, while the enhancement effect of the cost of low-skilled labor is not significant. the increase in labor costs of low-, medium-, and high-skilled labor in the central region will have the above-mentioned enhancement effect, and in the western region are both not significant. The transmission mechanism in the eastern region is more intelligent technology research and development, and the transmission mechanism in the central region is both technology research and development as well as technology application, while the conduction mechanisms in the western region has not yet activated.
At present, the development of intelligent technology is in full swing, which has reshaped the factor allocation structure and allocation efficiency. As one of the important production factors, has intelligent application improved the human capital mismatch? Using the panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2019, the impact of intelligence on human capital mismatch and the path of action are examined. The study found that: intelligent applications can improve the human capital misallocation; this effect is different between different geographical locations and city levels; intelligent applications can improve human capital mismatches in the "intelligent application→increase in average income→human capital flow→Human capital mismatch improvement”and“intelligent application→widening income gap→human capital flow→human capital mismatch improvement” two paths of action; intelligent application can improve local human capital mismatch, but it has a reverse effect on surrounding areas. Therefore, on the basis of following the laws of the market, it is necessary to coordinate the layout of the intelligent industry and focus on promoting intelligent upgrading and transformation.
In recent years, the international promotion of technical standards based on the two factors of technology and market is two important paths for enterprises to realize the "going out" of technical standards. Based on this, this paper takes 76 communication companies with high activity in global technical standard internationalization as analysis samples, and uses negative binomial regression model to explore the promotion mechanism of technical standard internationalization from two aspects of market and technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The two important factors of technology promotion and market promotion both have a positive impact on the international promotion of technical standards. (2) Compared with the method of expanding the user base to achieve market promotion, patent licensing has a stronger effect on technology promotion. From the perspective of market segmentation, the international market has an obvious role in promoting the internationalization of technical standards, while the domestic market has a negative effect, indicating that excessive attention to the domestic market will have a crowding effect on the cultivation of the international market. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that technology catching-up and imitation enterprises have a more significant effect on the internationalization of technical standards through the market promotion mechanism, and they are more inclined to occupy the international market with their superior products to drive the internationalization of technical standards. Technology-leading enterprises, transition-oriented enterprises, and innovative enterprises have a more significant effect on the internationalization of technical standards through technology promotion, and they are more inclined to drive the internationalization of technical standards through patent licensing. The research conclusions provide an important decision-making reference for the realization of the strategic goals of standard international development such as "enhancing the openness of standardization" and "coordinated development of standards at home and abroad" that China is vigorously promoting.
The innovative development of digital economy is an important exploration to tap the market potential of digital economy, ensure and encourage the safe and stable development of digital society, and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of China's digital economy under the new development pattern. This paper focuses on the core power of digital economy innovation and development - the core industry of digital economy, and uses international comparative analysis, two-way fixed effect model, network DEA and other methods to carry out research. The research finds that: firstly, there is still a big gap between the international division of labor status of China's core industry of digital economy and the patent quality of more developed countries; Secondly, taking the digital economy hardware industry as an example to explore the technological path, the innovation and development of China's digital economy must rely on independent innovation rather than technology outsourcing; In addition, the overall support efficiency of China's R & D investment for the development of core industries in the digital economy is low. The reason is that although the R & D resource investment can effectively form innovative achievements, the power to transform technological innovation into the development of core industries in the digital economy is insufficient; Finally, the efficiency of R & D investment to support the innovative development of digital economy has obvious inter provincial differences, which is almost distributed in a fault pattern. The phenomenon of difficult transformation of scientific and technological achievements is common in many provinces and cities, and the polarization phenomenon within the eastern provinces and cities is the most obvious. This study provides theoretical support and policy enlightenment for promoting the innovative development of China's digital economy and avoiding falling into the "illusion of digital economy development".
Accelerate the digitization process of manufacturing industry, help enterprises with green transformation and development, and bring new opportunities for realizing the win-win goal of "golden mountain and silver mountain" and "green water and green mountain". This paper theoretically analyzes the theoretical mechanism of input digitization on enterprise green transformation production, and empirically tests the impact characteristics and mechanism of input digitization on enterprise pollution emission intensity and green growth efficiency combined with wiod input-output database, China industrial enterprise database and China industrial enterprise pollution emission and governance micro database. The results show that input digitization has a significant "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect, and plays a role through the channels of technological innovation and production flexibility. The expansibility test shows that the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement " effect of input digitization shows the characteristics of high energy consumption industry is greater than low energy consumption industry, capital intensive industry is greater than technology intensive and labor-intensive industry; Input digitization has stronger "emission reduction" effect on old industrial bases and resource-based cities, and stronger "efficiency enhancemen" effect on non resource-based cities and non old industrial bases.In addition, the high skilled labor factors of enterprises and the technology application and transformation ability of each province have a positive regulatory effect on the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect of input digitization. The research conclusions provide micro evidence and decision-making basis for accelerating the digital process and building an environment-friendly, optimized and efficient manufacturing development model.
The platform firm-led entrepreneurial ecosystem is a new scenario and a new hotspot for entrepreneurship research. However, this emerging research field has a lot of confusions and controversies. Based on content analysis methods and practical insights, this research clarifies the concept of platform enterprise-led entrepreneurial ecosystem: Platform enterprise-led entrepreneurial ecosystem is such an entrepreneurial ecosystem where platform companies provide infrastructure and boundary resources, multi-participant co-existence, value co-creation and sharing. We also highlight that the platform firm-led entrepreneurial ecosystem has four characteristics as systemic, super-regional, complementary, and platform-oriented. Three major schools of the research on platform firm-led entrepreneurial ecosystem were identified as entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial process, strategic management, business model and value creation. The research questions, content and core viewpoints of each school were deeply analyzed and clearly presented. Finally, we put forward the future research directions of the platform firm-led entrepreneurial ecosystem from the four dimensions of dynamic mechanism, enabling mechanism, collaboration and evolution, governance mechanism.
The competitive advantage of platform ecosystem is the ability of value creation between platform organizations and complementary organizations. The existing literature mostly studies platform enterprises, and divides the types of value creation into two categories: Service-Dominant(S-D) logic and Customer-Dominant(C-D) logic. However, different value creation activities carried out by varies types of platforms often have significant heterogeneity. NRDI is a platform organization integrating R&D, technology transformation, business incubation and R&D services constructed by the government, industry and university with a "triple helix" structure. NRDIs can effectively use and integrate the resources of the platform sponsors, and frequently interact with external organizations as the core of value exchange in the platform ecosystem. Compared with traditional R&D institutions, New R&D Institutions (NRDIs) have platform attributes such as resource integration, function integration and network amplification effect, especially in the incubation of science and technology enterprises. The complexity of value creation caused by the heterogeneity of the characteristics and platform types of NRDIs requires further investigation. On this basis, our research attempts to construct a theoretical framework about the impact of platform organizational attributes on the value creation of NRDIs from the perspective of platform ecosystem. In the conceptual framework, we analyze factors affecting NRDIs’ value creation, including the internal structure of platform types and functions, as well as external interaction and governance mechanisms. Using the survey data of 1458 NRDIs in China conducted by the Ministry of science and technology in April 2020, we apply empirical analysis to identify which NRDIs have comparative advantages in value creation. The value creation of NRDIs is measured by the number of enterprises incubated by NRDIs. There are four independent variables: platform type, platform function, platform openness and governance mechanism. Among them, platform type is set as a virtual variable, followed by public institutions, private non-enterprise and enterprise, while the other internal variable, platform function, includes three variables, scientific research, technological innovation and R&D services. The three variables reflecting the openness of the platform are: the establishment of organizational innovation alliance, the establishment of innovation platform and the establishment of service network, and each variable has corresponding sub-variables. The variables representing the openness of platform are: organizational innovation alliance, innovation platform and the service network. The variables representing the governance mechanism are actual (board) governance and no actual (board) governance, which are also dummy variables. Results show that platform type of public institutions, platform function of integrating scientific research, technological innovation and R&D service, platform openness of innovation alliance, high-level innovation platform and enterprise service network, governance mechanism of the implementation of board governance according to market-oriented means are dominant. Based on the above empirical conclusions, we also put forward policy suggestions, such as encouraging NRDIs to actively undertake R&D projects at national and local levels, to actively participate in the formulation of industry standards, to establish R&D service networks with small and medium-sized enterprises, and building a high-level innovation platform. The conclusions have guiding significance for formulating targeted policies for the development of NRDIs and have a certain reference for promoting the high-quality development of regional economy.
The 337 investigation of the United States is a typical intellectual property trade barrier while patent application in the US market is the most direct way to deal with such barrier. Theoretically, Chinese enterprises will be more constrained in capital and other resources after encountering 337 investigation, thereby increasing the difficulty of patent internationalization. Nevertheless, some enterprises can still realize patent internationalization despite the double constraint of external environment and internal resources. This phenomenon has received scarce attention. This paper uses a sample set of high-tech Chinese enterprises that suffered from the 337 investigation and adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. This paper further draws on the dynamic capability theory to explain the relationship between firms’ dynamic capabilities in promoting subsequent patent internationalization. The results show that there are four different paths for Chinese enterprises to realize patent internationalization after suffering 337 investigation, including “internal competency-external ability”, “internal resource-external ability”, “internal resource” and “external ability”. Furthermore, this study provides some practical implication for enterprises and government.
Under the sweep of the new wave of industrial technology revolution, digital productivity is driving the digital transformation of social production worldwide with unprecedented speed, breadth and depth. In this context, clarifying the profound impact of digital transformation on innovation activities and the underlying mechanism will undoubtedly be beneficial for promoting the development of China's digital economy and the construction and improvement of a data-driven innovation system. In view of this, The article views the construction of Big Data Pilot Zones as a quasi-natural experiment of regional digital transformation. A theoretical analysis framework for the impact of Big Data Pilot Zones construction on urban innovation level is constructed. Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities and listed companies in China from 2009 to 2019, we empirically tested the impact effects and mechanisms of action of the construction of Big Data Pilot Zone on urban innovation level using double difference method, triple difference method and moderated mediated effect model. It is found that the construction of Big Data Pilot Zones significantly promotes the improvement of urban innovation level, and this finding still holds after the robustness tests such as PSM-DID and instrumental variable method. The mechanism test shows that the construction of Big Data Pilot Zones promotes the improvement of urban innovation level by optimizing factor allocation efficiency, promoting industrial structure upgrading and enhancing entrepreneurial activity, and regional knowledge absorption capacity plays a moderating role to different degrees in the above paths. The heterogeneity test shows that the innovation promotion effect of the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones is mainly reflected in private enterprises, while it has a negative impact on the innovation level of state-owned enterprises. The construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones promotes the quantity of innovation in low-digital-empowered industries and suppresses the quantity of innovation in high-digital-empowered industries while on the other hand, it improves the quality of innovation in high-digital-empowered industries and does not have a significant impact on the quality of innovation in low-digital-empowered industries. Our research provides important insights for deepening the construction of Big Data Pilot Zones for and implementing the innovation-driven development strategy.
This paper contributes to the literature from the three perspectives.First, in terms of research content, this paper focuses on the digitalization impact of the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones, and more comprehensively sorts out and evaluates the impact effect and mechanism of the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones on urban innovation, so as to provide empirical evidence and theoretical guidance for promoting regional digitalization reform and the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones. Secondly, this paper uses double difference, instrumental variables, triple difference, and moderated mediated effect models to quantitatively assess the impact and mechanism of the construction of Big Data Pilot Zones, which effectively alleviates the endogeneity problem in the process of model estimation. Third, in terms of research perspective, this paper measures the innovation level from both "quality" and "quantity" dimensions, and assesses the innovation effect of the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones at the city level, while using micro-enterprise data to re-validate and enrich the empirical results, deepening the interpretation of the positive effect of the construction of the Big Data Pilot Zones.
Industrial digitization & digital industrialization are regarded as the main battlefield of technological and economic competition by various countries and their enterprises. However, it is still poorly understood by the academic community how these modern digital technology will affect the innovation division of labor between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. This paper tries to reveal the mechanism in the dynamic process of digitization by referring to the theory of "social environment-heterogeneous labor matching structure", the mirror hypothesis and system integration hypothesis of organizational economics. The paper divided the digital development level of automobile emission control system into three stages: "component collaboration", "human-machine dialogue" and "automatic control", and has examined the relative probability of supplier and manufacturer choosing product architecture innovation or product component innovation at different stages of digital development using a binary selection model with USPTO invention patent application data from 1970 to 2018. The results show that the proportion of component suppliers choosing architecture innovation increases significantly when the industrial chain shifting from "component collaboration" to "human-machine dialogue", and then decreases further shifts to "automatic control", but no evidence has been found that it has decreased to the level of "component collaboration" stage. Therefore, digitalization will encourage more suppliers to choose product framework innovation, and thus intensify the competition degree of innovation divisionof labor within the industrial chain. Combined with mechanism analysis, dominant cognitive labor and its dominance over productive labor, transactional labor and R&D labor will become the key source of competitive advantage of enterprises in the digital supply chain era, while the shortening of industrial chain and the blurring of organizational boundaries may be important by-products of industrial chain digitalization. The research conclusion can provide important enlightenment for enterprises to participate in supply chain innovation division competition, and organizational form and management mode adaptation reform in the digital era.
In the context of dual circulation and high-quality development, the development of China's integrated circuit industry has strategic significance. Innovation cooperation is an important way for the development of China's integrated circuit industry, a means for enterprises to obtain complementary resources, and a tool to reduce the risk of R&D. Exploring organizational cooperation mechanism can help enterprises maintain stable partnership, reduce cooperation cost and improve cooperation efficiency. Based on the resource dependence theory and social capital theory, this paper constructs an analysis model of innovation cooperation mechanism from the perspective of resources, and empirically studies the formation mechanism of organizational innovation cooperation with the help of the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model (Siena). The results show that: ①Although the number of innovation cooperation patents in China's IC industry organizations has increased first and then decreased, the types of innovation cooperation technologies have shown a fluctuating upward trend, and the network structure of organizational cooperation has evolved from "one branch" to "everywhere". ②From the perspective of social resources, organizations tend to cooperate with partners with high average social value; Partners' partners are more likely to become their new partners; Social reputation cannot effectively promote the establishment of cooperative relationship. ③From the perspective of knowledge resources, organizations with deep knowledge in professional fields are more inclined to cooperate; The organizations with wide range of expertise and high technical specialization are not inclined to cooperate; The organizations with complementary technologies tend to cooperate, but this phenomenon is not significant.
