Science and technology progress is decided by both its conventional development and institutional innovation impact. The rate of conventional technological progress is relatively fixed, and mainly relies on a country's population size. The institutional innovation leads to institutional change which determines the rate of acceleration of science and technology progress. This is a mechanism for technological development. China's geographical endowments, the unified pattern and Confucian ideology interacted and codetermined China's larger population, for which China has a faster speed of conventional technological development than European countries. Meanwhile, by the size of the population, technological progress, the level of the system, ideology, China had a faster institutional progress and technological progress in the early stages, and lagged behind gradually both in institutional transition and science and technology progress later with the arrival of two turning point of China-EU scientific and technological development.
Abstract: laboratory studies arisen from the western countries in nineteen seventies, its goal is to reveal the actual production process of the scientific knowledge , reducing the essence of social construction about scientific knowledge , transfer the skepticism and criticism to the orthodox scientific concept, but the implementation of these targets are closely related to its theoretical origin. Specifically, the theoretical origin of laboratory studies mainly has three aspects: the first is the change of discourse from defense to criticism in the philosophy of science; second is the turn form macro to micro view in Sociology of scientific knowledge; the third is the site metastasis form foreign to local in anthropology. In addition, ethnomethodology and philosophy of scientific practice also provide a possible discourse space for laboratory studies.
Science and Technology(S&T) knowledge are playing more and more important role among all factors of production, while information revolution drives the speed of knowledge dissemination to a new record. As one important political issue, the production, distribution and usage of S&T knowledge reflects the multiple-role game play between scientists, researchers, their institutions, public, as well as government. Institution arrangements, affecting the dissemiantion of S&T information, include academic journal system, Intellectual Property system and national security system, with Openness and Secrecy locating at the two opposite pole. United States has the most developed and innovative S&T system. Through the perspective of Openness and Secrecy, this paper analyzes the dissemination control mechanism of S&T information of America and its impact to S&T innovation, and discusses possible reference significance to related policies of China.
Regional innovation system theory is the extension and embodiment of national innovation system theory in region, and construct RIS will be beneficial to realize national innovation strategy. At the background of four difficulties which RIS is facing, this paper hackles the point-to-point traceability relationship between RIS and regional economy theory, innovation economics, innovation system theory, then defines the conception, structure and operation of RIS. At last, this paper discusses the significance of RIS in theory and practice.
With the rapid expansion of China’s international intelligence return, the impact of institutional factors on intellectual return has received great attention. By introducing institutional factors into the framework of the traditional intelligence return motivation theory, we use the 1992-2010 data of 68 host countries and regions to test the effects of institution quality and institution distance on the motivation of China’s international intelligence return. The empirical analysis shows that China’s international intelligence return mainly seeks for institution quality and lower institution distance. Finally, we suggest that the Chinese government should strengthen and improve the domestic talent system construction to attract international intelligence to return home, also further encouraging the international mobility of talents, especially the persons with high-quality human capital, is of great significance to implement China’s talent internationalization strategy.
Propose a method which is through observing the technology development phases, and using patents citation and citation network to identify dynamic changes of technical trajectory. Comparing with the static technological trajectory studies which do not divide the time phase, this method highlights the dynamic nature of the technology in the development process, and improves the accuracy of the analysis of key technology on technological path. In addition, this method can be used to guide the countries, regions and enterprises to determine the R & D strategy. Combined with the empirical research of solar cell technology, it not only explains the dynamical identification method of technological trajectory, but also describes the process of technology changes in detail. The research result shows that the technical trajectory of solar cell is relatively stable now, but accompanied by the resolution of technical problems in the application process, the path will face major changes in the future, which provide the opportunity to enter the critical path of mainstream for Chinese enterprises.
Open science is open knowledge disclosure behavior, it plays a key role in industrial innovation. This study reveals that the system principle, mechanism and path of open science affect industrial innovation. This paper measures U.S. manufacturing sector, examines the 8 influence paths of open science on industrial innovation. the 8 paths is divided into open science I and II through the factor analysis, According to the influence degree of open science on industrial innovation, the 34 manufacturing is divided into four types through the cluster analysis. this paper summarizes the general laws of The influence of open science on industrial innovation.
R&D investment is the key to change economic development pattern and enhance the industrial competitiveness. In recent years, with the increasing R&D espenses in China, whether the more R&D investments are the better has become a much-debted issue. This article uses the panel datas of 36 chinese industies from 2002 to 2009 as samples and applies the threshold regression model to test the influence of R&D investments to the performance of thoes industies. According to the empirical results on the basis of all industrial sectors, 0.0089 is the single threshold value of R&D strength. Moreover, it is demostrated that the action mechanism of R&D investments is obviously different in those industries with diverse qualities. Specifically, the threshold effects in the industries of mechanical and electronic and resources processing are relatively more remarkable, and the threshold values(0.0125&0.0020) reflect the characteristics of factor intensity; In addition,there is no threshold effect in the taxtile manufacturing because of its lower R&D strength.
This article extends Barlevy’s R&D investment volatility model. We appoint that there are intrinsically linkages among of R&D investment, venture capital investments and macroeconomic aggregates (GDP) cyclicality. We think that, when macro-economic in the downstream stage, the opportunity cost of R&D investments which enterprise carried out is small; enterprise would be timely to increase R&D investments. This will create more technical innovation chances. Venture Capital investment will increase, and further advance R&D investments and macroeconomic growth. We analyze 12 countries’ R&D investments, venture capital investments and macroeconomic cyclical fluctuations in the period 1995-2010. Granger causality test confirmed the reasoning of the model that is the total macroeconomic changes is the reasons for the change of R&D investment, and changes in venture capital is the reasons for the changes in macroeconomic aggregates and the changes of R&D investments. The regression model based on panel data confirmed the model inference. Finally, we should take a variety of fiscal and monetary policy to support and strongly encourage technological innovation in the slow growth phases. These measures would enhance the growth potential of macroeconomic in the next issue.
With the rise of knowledge economy, knowledge is becoming the key resources for enterprise to gain the competitive advantage, so efficient knowledge transfer is gradually valued by academics and managers. Currently, there have been many empirical studies on the influence factors of knowledge transfer. However, there are no widespread and representative conclusions result from the different research views. Based on this, this study synthesized 43 domestic related empirical articles using the meta-analytic technology. The main findings includes: (1) the influence of ambiguity is larger than that of tackiness. (2) The characteristics of recipient and network are the most important influencing factors of knowledge transfer. (3) The influence of knowledge distance is anything more than a simple linear relationship, and it is more complicated. (4) The effect sizes of influence factors are different between inter-organization knowledge transfer and intra-organization knowledge transfer. At the same time, these conclusions also showed that the study on the influence factors of knowledge transfer is gradually become mature, but the future study on the relationship between knowledge distance, network characteristics and knowledge transfer and on the comparison between domestic research and foreign research is necessary.
This paper systematically constructs a framework on what determines the knowledge transfer of global network flagships to local firms from the perspective of global production networks, and it enriches our understanding on the mechanisms of knowledge transfer. The empirical results from 105 Chinese sample firms show that: (1) Knowledge transfer intensity, absorptive capacity of local firms and obstacle of knowledge transfer platform are the main factors that affect knowledge transfer performance. Knowledge transfer intensity has mediating effects on the relationship between knowledge exchange, willingness to knowledge transfer and knowledge transfer performance; (2) These effects vary under different types of ties between global network flagships and local firms. Compared with intrafirm tie, e.g. FDI, under the condition of interfirm tie, e.g. OEM, the positive effects of knowledge transfer intensity, absorptive capacity of local firms on knowledge transfer performance will be weakened, while the negative effect of obstacle of knowledge transfer platform on knowledge transfer performance will be strengthened.
This paper observes the knowledge-syncretism for inter-enterprises in the perspective of knowledge exchange, with formulating the relationships of the places and transitions in the reconfiguration of the innovation network. The control arcs of the knowledge flow unit in the knowledge-syncretism are analyzed by considering the demands of the feedback control of the innovation gap in enterprises. Hierarchy control model of innovation network is constructed according to the hierarchy idea based on Net condition/event systems (NCES) of the patulous Petri net. Furthermore, the conditions for the hierarchy control are presented. The results of hierarchy control are verified by considering the increasing rate of the innovation knowledge, the transport rate and the sharing degree of the knowledge. Consequently, the paths and countermeasures of the optimal innovation intensity in the region are presented in this paper.
The development of high-tech enterprises relied on new technology and high value-added products.New product development as an important form of business innovation, is achieved by many different subjects. It is important for the subjects to collaborate with each other. Improving the level of collaboration between teams and enhancing the capabilities of new product development have became an important way to improve the core competitiveness for high-tech enterprises.More and more enterprises adopt this flexible arrangements of multi-team collaborative design in NPD activities. Multi-team systems (MTS) is the theory which proposed to make a deep research about the interactions among teams.In this paper, we focus on the NPD Multi-team systems of high-tech enterprise and propose a process model of Multi-team systems collaboration which based on the review of MTS thoery and the investigation of NPD activities of high-tech enterprises. We identified two process of MTS collaboration:transition process collaboration and action process collabortion.Then,we constructed three-dimensional structural equation model for the two process respectively.
This paper proposes that the trigger mechanism of original innovation can best be interpreted in activities of communities of practice (COPs) and networks of practice (NOPs). The paper addresses how knowledge is transferred, combined and created at the level of COPs and NOPs by analyzing architectural knowledge and component knowledge, and proposes the threshold of the trigger mechanism of original innovation. The research findings would facilitate firms’ understanding the original innovation following the COPs and NOPs perspective and consequently enforce its capability to innovate.
Analyze the influence factors and their function routes in selecting cooperative study partners of enterprises’ original innovation by using the structural equation model and group structure equation model, which are based on the questionnaire survey and consider both factors of innovation types and partners’ willingness. Results show: enterprises’ original innovation ability is not affect the selection process directly, however, through the participating willingness of university and institute, the ability affect the partner selecting input and evaluation process indirectly. The partner selecting investment and evaluation process are important factors that affect the relationship establishment between enterprise and university-institute. The enterprise scale, industry and ownership properties are significantly different in assumptions. The conclusion provides basis for enterprise and government making policies to promote university-industry cooperatively original innovation of China.
As a specific type of national innovation strategy of China, original innovation is the lifeblood of the development of Chinese firms. This study examines how different types of strategic flexibilities (resource flexibility and capability flexibility) affect original innovation. We also investigate the impact of original innovation on firm competitiveness and the moderating effect of organizational legitimacy on the original innovation-competitiveness relationship. Data to test the model were collected by interviewing two key informants in each of 303 Chinese firms. Results suggest that resource flexibility impacts original innovation in an inverted-U shaped manner, while capability flexibility facilitates original innovation in a significant linear manner. Furthermore, the relationship between original innovation and firm competitiveness is positive and this relationship is aggravated by organizational legitimacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The face consciousness is comprised into the research frame between time pressure and innovation behavior，the major interactions of time pressure, face consciousness and innovation process among project executors were simulated through situational experiment.The results show that the consciousness of saving face positively influences innovative behavior directly, the consciousness of afraid of losing face plays an reverse mediatory role on the relationship between time pressure and innovation behavior and has a negative impose on innovation behavior indirectly. This study demonstrates that manipulation face consciousness, such as intensifying the consciousness of saving face and weakening the consciousness of losing face could actively encourage the employee to join the innovation activities.
In this paper, public events as the starting point, we analysis The influence of Corporate social responsibility basing on product and process innovation on corporate social performance and financial performance, and the role of media influence in the impact mechanism. We suggest that, corporate social responsibility basing on technological innovation affects the financial performance. Corporate social responsibility basing on product and process innovation will affects corporate social performance, that this effect may be moderated positively by media, corporate social performance will positively impact corporate financial performance.
Innovation performance is not a singular dimension; it should include abundant content and measuring index. But extant studies of innovation performance evaluation focus only on the financial perspective, such as Return On Sales (ROS) of new products, quantity of patents, and so on. This kind of innovation performance evaluation does not sufficient to measure the comprehensive gains that enterprises get form open innovation. On the basis of systematic literal analysis, the article raises the concept of open innovation performance, discussed its dimension composing from two viewpoints – financial and strategic. Based on this two-dimensional categorization, sub-dimension of financial open innovation and strategic open innovation performance are also detailed analyzed. Theoretical analysis result indicates that the strategic open innovation performance contains five sub-dimensions, which are innovation potential, innovation management capacity, innovation culture atmosphere, management innovation, competition position. The outcome of theoretical analysis is a scale which can be used for questionnaire setting. After that, through collecting practical surveying data, the selection of dimension items and dimension re-definition are conducted via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Then construct a theoretical structural model for the assessment of latent variable setting. This step is carried out through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The final conclusion shows, the evaluation of open innovation performance should be consider financial and strategic simultaneously. This research extends the appraisal of total gains enterprises get from open innovation from simple financial viewpoint to a more comprehensive degree, thereby provide a basic foundation for more dedicated exploration of relations between open innovation and its benefits.
