Because of the various disciplinary backgrounds of the assessment panel in interdisciplinary peer review, it is quite difficult for them to provide accurate and comprehensive evaluation on the research results from other disciplines. This paper explores the issue of rationality in interdisciplinary peer review. On this basis, it proposes that reasonable dialogue mechanism should be established among different disciplines, and for the sake of the enough development space for the scientific explorations, especially the interdisciplinary researches, we should keep the essential tension between normalization and innovation in academic research.
Pressure exerted on the individual researcher, his/her academic quality and the academic environment are the main causes of the academic misconduct. Based on the latest achievements in the study of bounded morality, the present paper explores the effect of these three factors mediated by moral disengagement and the influence of bystander silence on academic misconduct. A questionnaire survey of 419 Chinese researchers shows that although the academic environment and their academic quality exercise almost no direct influence and the pressure they feel produces only little direct influence on their academic misconduct, the effect of these three factors mediated by moral disengagement and the influence of stander silence on their academic misconduct are quite significant.
With industry-university collaboration becoming a significant mode of technological innovation and progress, conflicts of interest (COI) have been increasingly prominent and also become a major issue in relevant policies. This paper selects the Olivieri affair that caused broad social concern, analyzes the occurrence and development of COI in this event, and focuses on the role of policy in the management of COI. Even more remarkably, the affair became a catalyst that accelerated various COI policies reforms that ensured a good policy environment for cooperation in Toronto. On the basis of case study, it is concluded that COI is a common situation and cannot be overlooked or ignored. Meanwhile, it may play the role of "invisible hand" to have a deep impact on the collaboration process. Therefore, the author argues that it is of great importance to formulate concrete policies so as to avoid and manage COI in the industry-university collaboration.
There are two bioprospecting cases that foreign scientific research institutions took Chinese persons for gene experiment, from the initial "gene mining" to pay our attention, to the "golden rice" shocking us after ten years. "Bioprospecting" often evolves into "biopiracy" in the process of globalization, which basic reason lies in the pursuit of economic interests. Local knowledge was explored, produced and controlled in order to accumulate capital in the field of science. The specific reasons are as follows: First is the "agnotology" of epistemology, namely, researchers take captation arguments leading to information asymmetry; Second is identity in rhetoric. The popularity of researchers and the reputation of research institutions win participants' trust, increasing to fold information. What’s more, ethical review program is not strictly and ethical review system is not perfect, which makes bioprospecting from species diversity collecting to human gene mining. The disadvantages of ethical review need to be solved urgently.
The article focus on research of the intellectual property (IP briefly) capacity. From analyzing the equivalent relationship of main kinds of intellectual property and main kinds of research institute, it establishes an IP capacity measurement indicator system and puts forward a measurement method. In the end, it also undertakes an empirical measurement research in case of a large national Chinese academy. It has been found that this academy’s IP capacity especially the IP creation capacity and IP management capacity are increased very quickly in the past ten years, but the IP utilization capacity is increased slowly. To enhance the IP capacity for research institutes, it is needed to consummate the IP creation, IP utilization, IP protection and IP management policies. In particularly, it is needed to transfer the investment direction of scientific & technological project to IP utilization and not only the evaluation and project acceptance. It is needed to enhance the invention quality and IPR quality and to guide the IP strategic deployment. It is needed to support the research institutes to establish the inner offices of technology transfer which manages the IP, and to support them to adopt technology transfer model of patent pool or patent portfolio and not only a single technology or patent. It is needed to help the research institutes to enhance the invention disclosing ability and to permit them having the IP ownership of the research and development project sponsored by enterprise. It is also needed to permit the service inventors sharing the IPR and the right for implementation revenue. Certainly, it is also needed to enhance their IP protection and management capacity.
In recent years, many patents have been sold through auctions in China. Patent aucitons absorb substantial interest from a diverse collection of companies and individuals and reflect a continuing trend toward development of a market for patents. However，the literatures on patent auction and its sale rate are very rare. By analyzing a dataset of 89 patents of first patent auction held by China Technology Exchange on December 16 of 2010, we identify different characteristics of auctioned and non-auctioned patents and the determinants of sale rates of patent auctions by using the Logistic regression model. The results show pricing way and such patent specific attributes as number of inventors, type of patent, number of main classes have a significant effect on the sale rates of patent auctions.
For Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance(ITISA), identifying application conditions of guanxi-based IP is important because which has both positive and negative impacts. Using psychological game theory, the paper develops a game model including economic and emotional factors. The equilibrium analysis show that: 1) if the cooperative profit is large enough, guanxi-based IP is appropriate; 2) under effect of IP protection cost and punishment, if firms can get comparatively enough return, guanxi-based IP is appropriate; 3) even punishment is not enough, guanxi-based IP may also to realize within limit range and with certain probability.
As an important carrier of technology innovation, the industrial technology innovation alliance is developing rapidly under the government’s advocacy and support and playing an active role in the development of transformation and upgrading. However, many alliances are joint but nonalignment or joint but not strong. Much disintegration also exists even if the alliance was set up shortly. Among the reasons for these situations, the internal risk mismanagement is an important one. This paper focuses on the internal risk management research of industry technology innovation alliance. Firstly, make an identification of internal risk factor. Then, analyze the internal risk causes of the industrial technology innovation alliance through the questionnaire survey. Finally, put forward some management suggestions according to the risk of the industrial technology innovation alliance.
It is a very common phenomenon that private enterprises have political connections with government. There were not consistent conclusions about the effect of private enterprises’ political connections on corporate value and financial performance in literatures. There was also less researches on cost consequences of private enterprises’ political connections. So, the paper studies the effect of private enterprises’ political connections on corporate non-productive expenditures and R& D investment. We find there is a significant positive relationship between private enterprises’ political connections and corporate non-productive expenditures, and this relationship is more prominent in the areas which institutions environment is poor. We also find there is a significant negative relationship between private enterprises’ political connections and corporate R&D investment, and the relationship is more prominent in the areas which institutions environment is poor. The finds show that although private companies may gent rent through establishing political connections with government, but they also undertake the corresponding costs such as increase of non-productive expenditures and reduce of R& D investments. So there is an uncertainty of the effect of private enterprises’ political connections on corporate value and financial performance and private enterprises should carefully consider the strategy of political connections with government.
Abstract: At the age of knowledge economy, knowledge governance is an effective way for enterprises to gain the continuously competitive advantage. This paper starts with the concept of knowledge potential difference; brings in the knowledge governance mechanism and behavioral integration; constructs the impact mechanism concept model of knowledge potential difference on knowledge governance performance. Then, this paper uses the structure equation model and multiple regression method to analysis the data which are achieved by questionnaire survey. This paper has the following findings: the knowledge potential difference has the significantly negative impact on the knowledge governance performance; behavioral integration plays a mediation role between the knowledge potential difference and knowledge governance performance; knowledge governance mechanism plays a moderation role between knowledge potential difference and behavioral integration, behavioral integration and knowledge governance performance, knowledge potential difference and knowledge governance performance.
To answer the question of whether the knowledge work’s routinization affects on productivity, the relationships between the input elements of routinization, the conversion element of routinization and productivity was proposed. Taking KIBS(knowledge-intensive business service) as the study objects, the empirical analysis on their relationships was done by using PA-LV (path analysis with latent variables). In the end of this paper the test conclusion was given, and its management significance was pointed out.
Recent years, the entrepreneurial activities in rural areas in China are more and more active, the farmers’ entrepreneurial motivations are also quietly changing. This article discussed the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resources on the intensity of farmers’ entrepreneurial motivations with empirical analysis method. The results showed that, opportunity identification had the greatest influence on the intensity of farmers’ entrepreneurial motivations in the dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, opportunity identification, organizational commitment, management control had significant influence on the intensity of farmers' survival and opportunity entrepreneurial motivations, while the risk taking had significant effects on the intensity of farmers’ opportunity entrepreneurial motivation; in the dimensions of entrepreneurial resources, financial resources had the greatest impact on the intensity of farmers’ entrepreneurial motivations, financial and knowledge resources had significant impacts on the intensity of farmers’ survival and opportunity entrepreneurial motivations, and the human resources had impacts only on the intensity of farmers’ opportunity entrepreneurial motivation. Therefore, to improve the farmers' entrepreneurial self-efficacy and enrich entrepreneurial resources can effectively enhance the intensity of farmers’ entrepreneurial motivations.
The evolution process of knowledge innovation is complex and chaos, while regular and ordered. In this paper, we use chaos theory to analyze the knowledge innovation evolution tendency and rules. Particularly, the knowledge innovation is regarded as complex system. In view of the chaotic characteristic discussion, we propose the chaotic dynamic model of knowledge innovation. Based on the model, we simulate knowledge innovation and study the dynamic evolution process. In condition of different innovation states and system evolution, there are four stages in knowledge innovation: deficient innovation stage, preliminary innovation stage, regular innovation stage and chaotic innovation stage. In the end, from the point of view of knowledge innovation, we discuss the consistency of incremental innovation and radical innovation.
As reduced NIS(national innovative system), The cultivation and development of innovation clusters depends on the interaction and synergy of innovation elements including knowledge, organization and institution. The existing research mainly concerns technology elements, but a broad spectrum of research issues remains open and virtually unexplored about macro sense of knowledge category such as social notion, social knowledge and cultural heritage. Moreover, it is not sufficient about the investigation of the organization elements in the co-evolution process. So the paper attempts to discuss and analysis the theoretical framework of co-evolution of knowledge, organization and institution of innovation clusters. Based on the technology history, using the literal replication law, it identifies and describes co-evolution path of knowledge, organization and institution of innovation clusters with the aid of innovation clusters of silicon valley and Germany synthetic dyes industry.
Based on the concepts of synergic innovation of metropolitan, this paper explores the concept, operation mechanism and model of synergy innovative effect of metropolitan, and analyzes the inherent mechanism of the synergic innovation effect of metropolitan. It notes that the model of synergy innovative effect of metropolitan consists of four dimensions: innovative subjects, resource elements, synergic mode and spatial synergy, which posed by the synergistic interactions and coupling among four dimensions. Its goal is to maximize the synergies. And the “synergic relationship” among innovative subjects is seen as a link, which put innovative players into the synergic innovation network of the metropolitan region. The paper indicates that the synergic innovation effect of metropolitan depends on the “spillover effect” produced by coupling interaction, technology diffusion, knowledge spillovers, trust and effective commitment mechanism. Therefore, the regional governments within the metropolitan area need to implement the institutional innovation and build an effective coordination mechanism to enhance the innovation capabilities both of the region and enterprises.
