Abstract: In daily life, due to scientific uncertainty and the limitations of self cognition, the general public is usually through common sense rather than scientific knowledge itself to judge the risk of modern science. Specifically, they doubt the scientific risk through three angles : government regulation , technology ethics, and benefit from. But there is dislocation between China's science and technology communication and public risk perception. Our mainstream media should undertake their risk communication function: lead multi angle, all-round coverage of scientific issues report, guide the extensive and in-depth discussions in society, so as to promote the public to reach a point of view that is relatively rational and mature.
The new technologies such as network have embeded in each part of science knowledge production and knowledge sharing and collaboration based on network have become important character in the contemporary era.This paper analysises the connotation and function of knowledge co-production in network information space.Then it points out that science knowledge production based on network has presented four characters:openess of knowledge publishing and academic evaluation, universality of knowledge communication and Scientific research cooperation, collaboration of knowledge and virtual reconstruction of scientific community,diachronic of knowledge production and increasing.Then it concludes that mordern scientists must study and utilize network resource if they want to Participate in global collaboration and competition.
Definitional ambiguity always surrounds the concept of incubators, which is considered to be one of the core concepts in science and technology policy system. Follow the “boundary works” tradition which proposed by Jane Calvert in her book “Goodbye blue skies? The concept of 'basic research' and its role in a changing funding environment”, as well as employ the grounded theory method, this paper argues that the commercialization and industrialization of the S&T achievement is the ultimate mission for incubators’ construction in China, which also plays a continuous role of "institutional myths" in the authoritarianism regime. The structural occasion for the inflexibility of the institutional field lies on the policy discourse generation mechanism featured by “top-down” and “Tiao-Kuai segmentation”, while in turn lead to a selective learning to the oversea expertise, advices from the domestic academy, and the “best practice” in local policy experimentation. To solve the problem of low-quality isomorphism in incubators’ development in China, the discourse circle should really start from “bottom-up” and then “top-down”.
The investigation of Sch?n affair is the case that is extreme standard and is investigated by scientific research institution independently in the history of the United States about science and research integrity, in which Murray in charge of the case got Peck Management Award issued by the American Physical Society in 2005 because of her regulatory work carried out at the Bell Labs. In May 2002, Bell laboratory of the United States learned lessons from the failure the internal investigation team had investigated Sch?n and established an independent investigation team（Blue Ribbon Unit） composed of five experts who are well-known in their fields. The investigation team adopted three investigation stages of inquiry, investigation, and adjudication during the investigation and finally wrote investigation report in September 2002, finding Sch?n committed scientific misconduct on the basis of the bulk of evidence. The report mentioned a lot of more complex problem, such as the responsibilities of collaborators, the record of the experiments in the age computers were widely used, the review mechanism inside the lab. These problems are the direct cause that the Bell laboratory and the entire scientific community commit themselves to improving the scientific research management system.
The paper analyzes the technology innovation characteristics and the power and the resistance to achieve significant technology breakthrough of strategic emerging industries from the modularization perspective. Then, the thesis builds radical technology innovation paths of strategic emerging industries: the path for peripheral module to move the high end, the path to break through key module, the path to subvert and reconstruct the structure & rule, and the path for module and structure to coupling upgrade, based on synthesizing theoretical analysis and case study, and then gives out the difference and applicable condition among the four paths. The research is to provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for strategic emerging industry in our country to break through technology bottleneck and catch up with the developed countries’ technology.
The innovation path of emerging industry on the value chain: The openly and complementary innovation based on NVC
——From comparative analysis of kunshan’s emerging industry and traditional industries
In the aspect of the development and promotion of new energy vehicles, China took the industrial economic development as the goal orientation; but America took the social development as the goal orientation. The difference of the goal orientation decides two different development paths of the new energy vehicles industry in China and America. China developed the energy automobile industry in order to enhance the total GDP. But America developed the energy automobile industry in order to reduce the emissions and optimize the air quality. We chose Wuhan and California to analyze the differences between these two countries. Both of these two cities have a lot of practical basis. In the field of new energy vehicles, Wuhan and California were representative city in their countries. Firstly, we analyzed the differences of the developing orientation as the breakthrough point. And then, we analyzed other differences between the two countries, such as the formation motivation, the target object, the goal method, the target group and the target logic. We analyzed the different industry characteristics from the perspective of the main part of industry. And we analyzed the different industrial development patterns from the perspective of market. At last, we put forward the countermeasures and suggestions of developing new energy automotive industry in China.
This article, employing the spatial econometrics model of FEDER’s thought, analyzed the innovation effect based on the panel data of 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions’ high-tech industry from1996 to 2011.The findings are: first, significant spatial correlation between provincial economic growth has been existing; second, unlike most of the research conclusion, it has proved that there are certain provincial diffusion effect and the direct effect in high-tech industries in China, but the effect is not obvious; third, it must be warned of such problems of China’s high technology industry statistical illusion and pseudo high technology and so on., This article, employing the spatial econometrics model of FEDER’s thought, analyzed the innovation effect based on the panel data of 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions’ high-tech industry from1996 to 2011.The findings are: first, significant spatial correlation between provincial economic growth has been existing; second, unlike most of the research conclusion, it has proved that there are certain provincial diffusion effect and the direct effect in high-tech industries in China, but the effect is not obvious; third, it must be warned of such problems of China’s high technology industry statistical illusion and pseudo high technology and so on., This article, employing the spatial econometrics model of FEDER’s thought, analyzed the innovation effect based on the panel data of 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions’ high-tech industry from1996 to 2011.The findings are: first, significant spatial correlation between provincial economic growth has been existing; second, unlike most of the research conclusion, it has proved that there are certain provincial diffusion effect and the direct effect in high-tech industries in China, but the effect is not obvious; third, it must be warned of such problems of China’s high technology industry statistical illusion and pseudo high technology and so on.
With our increased research funding, research environment has been greatly improved. However, the phenomenon of growing research funding misappropriated, which greatly reduces the efficiency of research funding. Behind them all, though, is the contradiction between research funding growth and system reform lagged. Combined with practical management work, analysis of the impact of current research funding reforms on research activities, and proposed research management reform should avoid Over Marketization.
In recent years, many universities in China have carried out the reform of performance appraisal system for teachers, this increased teachers' acdemic pressure, but there exists different views of whether it will promote the research performance.On the basis of the literature review,we introduce acdemic involvement,reward satisfaction and propose a multiple mediator model which transmit effects of acdemic pressure on research performance,then empirical studies of teachers from 12 universities which located in Jiangsu and Anhui provice are given.The results showed that the inverted U shaped relationship between academic pressure and acdemic involvement.More over, acdemic pressure,which through acdemic involvement’s intermediary role,has a asignificant positive effect on research performance.More,acdemic pressure plays a a significant negative relationship with reward satisfaction, and reward satisfaction mediats the relationship between acdemic pressure and research performance.Last,reward satisfaction has no significant effect on acdemic involement.The results are helpful for the management of many universities.
Although the backgrounds of corporate executives and their groups have been widely researched, it’s relatively rare on examining the role of technical executives in a company. By applying SFA method to calculate technical efficiency, this paper use 280 private-owned listed companies in China from 2004 to 2011 to study how technical executives influence the technical efficiency and the relation between them. The results suggest that technical executives in private-owned listed companies significantly improve corporate technical efficiency. Furthermore, technical executives can promote corporate technical efficiency by increasing R&D expenditure, technical personnel, patents and technical output.
The interactive relationship between knowledge-intensive business services and manufacturing firms has been paid more attention. On the perspective of absorptive capability theory and path dependency theory, this paper analyzes the dual effects of knowledge intensive service acquisition on resource reconfiguration of manufacturing firms. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that current knowledge intensive service acquisition can spur the resource reconfiguration, while the previous knowledge intensive service acquisition can reinforce the positive relationship between current knowledge intensive service acquisition and resource reconfiguration. And we find the evidence that the resource reconfiguration of manufacturing firms get double benefits from knowledge intensive service acquisitions. This paper also gives implications for manufacturing firms to confront with the competitive environment by the way of collaborating with knowledge intensive business services.
Industrial cluster research has the development tendency which is from macro to micro, from homogeneous to heterogeneity and from “structural-oriented” to “behavioral- oriented”. Under the view of “micro-heterogeneity” and “behavioral-oriented”, a very important heterogeneous body—“knowledge gatekeeper” and its behaviors have great effects on cluster’s upgrading. After defining the “knowledge gatekeeper” and “cluster upgrading”, the article think that knowledge gatekeeper’s knowledge behavior—knowledge absorption, knowledge translation and knowledge diffusion and knowledge gatekeeper’s strategic behavior—technology leapfrogging, network building and rule making drives the cluster upgrading together. Finally, the article gives some suggestions for Chinese cluster upgrading.
Based on empirical study, the paper concludes the following results: knowledge sharing has significant positive effect on relationship perception and relationship capability; relationship capability has significant positive effect on relationship perception; channel creativity and relationship trust have significant positive effect on channel performance; channel adaptation has significant positive effect on short-term channel performance and hasn’t positive effect on long-term channel performance; channel identity has significant positive effect on long-term channel performance and hasn’t positive effect on short-term channel performance; the effect of knowledge sharing on relationship perception is positive moderated by knowledge tacit; the effect of explorative knowledge sharing on channel creativity is negative moderated by knowledge dependence. The paper not only discloses the course of how knowledge sharing effects on channel performance but also richens and deepens channel knowledge mechanism based on knowledge and channel performance and organizational learning theories. Furthermore, the paper puts forward some suggestion and theory instruction on how to face up knowledge flow challenges and improve channel performance to channel enterprises in practice.
Based on the institutional distance divided into three dimensions, with 178 Chinese multinational companies as the research object, this paper analyzes the influence of regulative distance, normative distance and cognitive distance on knowledge transfer of the multinational company using hierarchical regression analysis; and further examines the moderating effect of international experience and social capital on the relationship between institutional distance and knowledge transfer. The result shows that the farther of regulative distance, normative distance or cognitive distance, the more difficult for the multinational company to transfer knowledge between its headquarter and branches. As distance-bridging variable the international experience weakens the influence of regulative distance, normative distance and cognitive distance on knowledge transfer. The social capital weakens the influence of regulative distance on knowledge transfer. The result can provide scientific and reasonable theory to guide the Chinese multinational company with low degree of internationalization how to enhance the knowledge transfer effect under institutional distance, and provides the evidences from China on this topic for the international academic community.
It has been drawing a lot of attentions on approaches to improving innovation factors input structures and raising innovation performances. Based on the statistical data of China’s manufacturing industry and high technology industry from 2007 to 2012, this paper employed methods of panel data regression analysis and BP neural network to research on the impact of input of several innovation factors, including human capital, internal capital, external technologies and government supports, on industry innovation performances. Some conclusions were drawn from the research：In the technological development process, factors including internal capital, external technologies and the proportion of human capital that researchers account for, have positive impact on innovation performances while the number of researchers and government supports make negative impact. In the process of technological achievements transformation, human capital has positive impact on innovation performances while external technology has negative impact; also, internal capital and innovation performances have a ‘inverted U-shaped’ relationship while government supports and innovation performances have a ‘U-shaped’ relationship. This paper finally proposed policy-related specific proposals based on the resultant conclusions of the impact of different factors on innovation performances in different process.
This study explores and puts forward a new analysis framework of inclusive innovation, proposes an indicators system in five respects including demand of the middle-low income community, innovation subjects, environment, supporting conditions and outcomes, to evaluate the efficiency of China’s regional inclusive innovation by introducing the comprehensive evaluation method. From the evaluation results, we can see that China's regional inclusive innovation performance declines from East to Midwest. In addition, by a panel-data-based empirical study over 2008-2011 year period，this paper analyzes the linkage between inclusive innovation performance and local economic development. The results manifest that China’s regional inclusive innovation performance is closely linked to local economic development, openness and industrial structure. The inclusive innovation performance is not proportion to its local economic development. On the contrary, the economic development should pay more attention to rural development and bridges the gap between town and country. Meanwhile, China’s regional economy should maintain a reasonable industrial structure, build a balanced innovation system and avoid the polarization of resources allocation to enhance innovation efficiency and performance.
This paper conceptualizes an integrated model that combines the roles of internal change agents and ambidextrous model of innovation. Based on the above analytical framework, we investigated the impact of paternalistic leadership in the different stages of management innovation. Using a sample of 213 Chinese organizations, some hypotheses are tested: (1) management innovation has a directly positive effect on organizational effectiveness. (2) Benevolence not only has a directly positive effect, but also positively moderates on the relationship between management innovation and the effectiveness of organization. (3) Neither authoritarianism and morality has significant impact on management innovation, however, each of them significantly negatively moderates the relationship between management innovation and the effectiveness of organization.
The informal network embedded in the formal organization is very important for personal innovation behavior, but its positive impact has not been paid enough attention. The positive impact of the informal network to the innovation behavior need to be recognized and supported by the formal organization. A theory model of ‘informal network--organization support--innovation behavior’ has been developed from the viewpoint of organization suppot and has been used to study the relationship between the informal network or the organization support and the personal innovation behavior. The empirical analysis for 331 effective samples shows that the informal network in the organization has a positive impact for personal innovation behavior, the organization support has a positive impact to adjust the relationship between the informal network and the innovation behavior. The results will contribute to understand and play an active impact to the informal network and to enhance the innovation ability of the enterprises.
