Based on the analysis of the overseas achievement of the theoretical research in innovation paradigm, the enterprise “innovation 3.0” model and the third generation innovation policy practice of multiple perspectives, the core feature of the new innovative 3.0 paradigms is innovation ecosystem. After all, we analyzed review of motivation on innovation ecosystem analysis, and then in-depth put forward the concept and characteristics of innovation ecosystems. In the present age, China will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, and Scientific and technological innovation provides strategic support for raising the productive forces and boosting the overall national strength, we put forward some basic considerations of building the world's top innovation ecosystem.
Under the context of innovation drives development strategy, the competitive strategy of enterprises depend more and more on their innovation ecosystem. As the third organizational form between market and hierarchy, the ecosystem perspective becomes the new direction of innovation research paradigm. Current research lacks the theoretical analysis and evolution descriptions of innovation ecosystem theory systematically. The paper discusses the origin, knowledge evolution and theoretical framework of innovation ecosystem theory under scientific metrology. The results indicate the main researches of innovation ecosystem focus on four clusters referred to “business ecosystem”, “value creation”, “open innovation”, “Innovation Ecosystems”. On the basis of the core researches analysis, the complete knowledge view of innovaion ecosystem research evolution is composed of three dimensions of core literature, theoretical foundation, and research methodology.
Based on literatures on innovation ecosystem, this paper attempts to straighten up the difference and relation between researches under multiple levels. Paying close attentions to "interdependence between the subjects" emphasized by innovation systems theory and "the subjects’ interaction with the environment" emphasized by ecology, it establishes that a “Core-Periphery” fame to contain the components of innovation ecosystem. By analysising the changes of subjects’ (central) and environment’s (peripheral) scopes on micro meso and macro levels, this paper reveals the connotations, structure and behavior that innovation ecosystem on different levels contained, and the cross-level interactions. At last, some recommendations are made for the studies and practices.
The co-evolution of technology and society spawned evolving organizational forms of innovation. In recent years, with the further integration of information technology and production technology, the traditional boundary of manufacture and innovation activities is blurred. The booming Maker Movement is playing an important role in this process. Based on literature review and participatory observation, this paper traces the history of the development of maker movement, and provides a preliminary analysis of the concept, models and characters of maker movement. This paper suggests that the development of Maker Movement is based on the expanding global network of Makerspaces, characterized with open source, peer innovation. It is becoming a booster for the digital world to subvert the physical world. Essentially, it represents a new trend of public participation of innovation.
To explore the role of values in public’s attitude towards GM foods, based on sampling survey data, this paper demonstrates egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values have different influence on perceived risks, perceived benefits, and attitude formation, taking example of GM rice. Moreover, we proved rationality of value-perception-attitude model and necessity of intermediary variable——perception using Structural Equation Model. Results indicate that people with strong egoistic values tend to perceive more benefits of GM rice and then have a more positive attitude towards it, while people who strongly endorse altruistic or biospheric values often perceive high risks of GM rice and are likely to have a cautious attitude. Upon this conclusion, the public’s attitude can be adjusted or changed by activating or strengthening their specific values under different circumstances.
In this study, we development an inter-university academic network based on co-authorship papers of 20 top economics and management journals from 2007 to 2011. We examined the effect of the network position of the universities on the amount of national nature science fund proposal approval. Results suggest that the universities which occupy a central network position are easier to receive more NSFC grants. The university with abundant structural holes has obtained more NSFC grants than managers with fewer structural holes. We also find that universities which have obtained more NSFC grants before also improve the possibility of NSFC grant proposal approval. The university affiliation with “211” project has a significant positive impact on the amount of grants proposal. Based on these results, we can predict which kind of network features can help university to obtain NSFC grants.
Abstract：The paper analyzed the content and structure of Technology Transfer System of China based on System Dynamics. Technology transfer is a complex, nonlinear and dynamic system. The System Dynamics Model with Respect to Technology Transfer System of China was used to support empirical analysis about the course of Technology Transfer System evolution. In this paper, the writer defined the technology transfer system of China from the longitudinal perspective, determined the technology transfer system boundary, and divided the subsystem; Secondly, built the technology transfer system dynamics model used 2000-2009 Chinese macro data, and had the simulation experiment; Finally, put forward the corresponding policy recommendations according to the results of dynamic simulation experiment, in order to promote the virtuous development of the technology transfer system of China.
Based on the use of China′s provincial panel data between 2000?2011, taking the driving factors of regional technology transfer as theoretical basis, adopting the method of spatial econometrics,the paper has made an empirical study about the driving mechanism of inter-regional technology transfer. The result shows:The inter-technology transfer often occurs between strong provinces,presents “Mattew effect” such as “the strong get stronger and the weak get weaker”;The inter-regional technology transfer is influenced signifcantly by market demand, basis of regional innovation,funds of regional innovation, behavior of technology transfer of adjacent areas, invironmental factor such as protection of intellectual property rights. The mechanism of inter-regional technology transfer reflects three dominant driving orientations such as market demand,absorptive capacity and competition.The result also implies that technology transfer between adjacent areas presents “horizontal strategic interaction” such as competition or imitation.
There isn’t a consistent conclusion about whether transnational technology M&As in China can improve technological performance. This article’s aim is to test and verify that absorptive capacity is crucial to corporations’ technological performance increasing. First, we built an evolutional game theory model based on a situation when M&A corporations and target corporations share tacit knowledge, in which dynamically evolutionary strategies are “contribute-contribute” and “not contribute-not contribute”. The game theory analysis manifests that absorptive capacity is crucial to the equilibrium of the evolutional game theory model which leads to an hypothesis that the better absorptive capacity a corporation embraces, the better technological performance it will gain after multinational technology M&As. Then we used data of quoted public companies from 2004 to 2009 as samples to build a Poisson regression model to do experimental test and the result is accorded with the hypothesis. This result depicts the mechanism of tacit knowledge sharing after M&As and proves that absorptive capacity is the key to increasing technological performance when corporations in China conducting transnational technology M&As.
There has yet any empirical research about technological catch-up being conducted on basis of Chinese enterprises. And the case this article studies is Huawei Company. Over the past two decades from its initial foundation in 1988 to 2009, Huawei Company has been making constant high-efficiency R&D investment; it has not only achieved global leading position for patent quantity and market share in field of core technology but also realized the technological catch-up for. Why can Huawei accomplish such achievement? This article takes Ericsson as the benchmarking enterprise which Huawei pursues and uses the Douglas model to calculate the R&D investment output elasticity for marketing revenue during the period from 2000 to 2009. Moreover, this article makes a tendency analysis of R&D expenses, personnel investment and patent output between Huawei and Ericsson via descriptive statistics. The analysis shows that Huawei has achieved a continuously high investment-output efficiency while maintaining its constant and large-amount R&D investment. Its output elasticity of R&D investment is 0.85, which is far higher than that of Ericsson (-1.0), demonstrating the output efficiecy of Huawei’s R&D investment is far higher than that of Ericsson. When Ericsson downsized its R&D personnel, Huawei increased theirs rapidly, which means the latter’s investment in staff employment and work hours exceeded that of Ericsson. Yet, the outcome indicates that Huawei’s per capita number of patent application is only half of that of Ericsson. A theoretical analysis of research result proves that the main reasons for Huawei’s technological catch-up lie in its constant and stable R&D expenses, high-proportion and low-cost R&D personnel investment, specific technological strategy and advanced technology management. Effective strategic combination of simplification, low cost and differentiation enabled Huawei to achieve its technological catch-up under the circumstance of industry environment changes and development of the leading competitors decelerates.
Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the action mechanism of China’s heterogeneous real intellectual property protection on its export technological sophistication. We use industry export trade data in China to calculate 30 provinces of export technological sophistication during the period of 2003-2011, and then use China’s enforcement data of intellectual property rights to calculate these provinces of actual intellectual property protection. An empirical study on the whole of China shows that the relationship between this heterogeneous real intellectual property protection and export technological sophistication is an inverted “U” type. In addition, FDI, college student proportion and R&D expenditure proportion play some positive role, while the effect of trade opening and infrastructure are not obvious. And the research on China regions shows that the real intellectual property protection, R&D expenditure proportion, infrastructure and trade opening have a big different influence on regional export technological sophistication, while college student proportion and FDI can promote it. This paper argues that intellectual property protection and anti-monopoly must be parallel, but this is a balance on the ice edge. So we need a sustainable and standardized effective enforcement of intellectual property rights system, rather than a gust of wind movement of short action.
Chinese Bayh-Dole like rules grant the government funded patent ownership to the undertaking entity. The university looks like to benefit from this. And the patent output of university has growth greatly after the implementation of Bayh-Dole like rules. But it is founded that the National overall patent output and the university’s patent output are mainly influenced by R&D inputs using the virtual regression analysis. Excluding R&D input factors, we found the implementation of Chinese Bayh-Dole like rules has not promoted university’s patent output. This may be due to the special patent output mechanism of Chinese universities and the property ownership arrangements under the law of obligation.
Entrepreneurial learning which has been concerned by existing researchers can analysis entrepreneurial phenomenon from dynamic perspective and expands existing entrepreneurship research. This study develops the dimensions and measurement of entrepreneurial learning through literature review and semi-structured interviews. Through large-scale surveys, the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis show that the measurement scale has high reliability and validity. The empirical results show that the measurement system well reflects the definition of entrepreneurial learning and makes up the gap of existing theory.
The factors which have impact on relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance (FP) are mixed in different research context. Meanwhile, research conclusion mostly from western countries, the applicability in our country needs to be verified. This paper focuses on the EO-FP relationship in design service industry in China, discussing the roadmap and effects on impacts between EO and FP through bringing in appropriate moderator/mediator variables in the context of a specific industry. Finally, the paper aims to provide suggestions for business strategic decision making and policy making.
Regional social-cultural trait is the important factor to influnce entrepreneurship, but few research analyse whether this influence is different in different regions. This paper analyses the selected social traits: the social stigma to entrepreneurial failure and the presence of entrepreneurial role models, over entrepreneurial activity levels in rural area and urban area, in eastern rural and mid-western rural. We find that these two factors have significant influnce over entrepreneurial activity in these areas, but the extent of influnce is different. In rural area and urban area, the influnce of entrepreneurial role models has no significant difference, but the social stigma to entrepreneurial failure is significant weaker in rural area than in urban area. The influnce of entrepreneurial role models is significant stonger in eastern rural area than in mid-western rural area, but the social stigma to entrepreneurial failure has no difference between these two areas.
Income distribution makes different effects to independent innovation from intermediate variables of demand quantity and structure. After the theoretical analysis on consumer’s change in demand around income distribution, and the empirical test on this mechanism with nationwide and cross-province data, some conclusions are drawn: firstly, inverse “U” shape exists in the relation between income inequality and independent innovation, therefore, moderate income gap is good for innovation, while its further amplify bad for innovation; secondly, income inequality increases parts of incident’s income, which induces amplify of demand of innovation products and motivates corporate innovation power; thirdly, income inequality inhibits upgrade of incident’s consume structure, which makes lower income group hard to form effective demand and lowers independent innovation; fourthly, increasing income of low-income group and expanding scale of middle-income group in the distribution reform can more effectively cultivate market demand of innovation products, and thus make for innovation.
It is not to interpret the innovation and development of metropolitan innovation system very well through the traditional perspective. Some scholars have paid attention to study the metropolitan innovation system from knowledge ecology and produced some research results. According to the current literatures, the paper abstracts the themes of two research felids in which are the relationships between knowledge ecology and metropolitan innovation system and the study of metropolitan innovation system based on knowledge ecology, then analyses and reviews the existing literatures by using the thematic analysis method. The results show that knowledge ecology impacts on innovation activities of metropolitan innovation organizations. And there are the relationships that those are interconnection of factors and synchronization of mechanisms within both. We can to expand the research of innovation structure and innovation mechanism of metropolitan innovation system based on knowledge ecology. Finally, the paper points out some limits of the existing studies and suggests the future research topics in the matters of theory expansions, empirical analyses and research perspectives.
