Abstract: This paper analyzed the research topics and methods of the publications in the top journal of Social Study of Science(SSS) and strived to reflect on the discipline of science, technology and society studies (STS). The social study of bioscience, the development of forensic science, as well as the social study of social sciences have been three important emerging topics in the current STS research. In the trend of methodology, the journal of SSS published more and more mixed-method research and emphasized on the diversity of methods used in the empirical work.
Fast discovery and accurate grasp of research frontier is not only the focus of scientific research, also is the need for strategy decisions of top managers and governments. In order to detect research frontier of specific domain accurately and comprehensively using objective methods, firstly, this paper defines the definition of research frontier and analyzes its characteristics. Then, we suggest innovativeness and interdisciplinarity-based detection model of research frontier. The suggested model consists of "three-process" that are identifying innovativeness and interdisciplinarity and refining frontier terms. In this processes, they are analyzed using literature citations, co-occurrence analysis and text mining methods. Finally, we use suggested model to detect research frontier of smart materials. It explains using process and results of suggested model. Experimental result shows a higher degree match of forecasting frontier terms using suggested model and experts' judgements of the field of smart materials.
This study analysis the trajectory and regularity in the space-time prism of research collaboration under NSFC funding of technical economics and management discipline in China, and focuses on the impact of distance on the scientific collaboration. the co-publications of technical economics and management discipline under NSFC funding between the year of 2000-2013 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure has been retrievaled, and entered into the database of fundamental research project of technical economics and management discipline. Based on this, the two hypotheses has been tested, and by using the OLS and SYS-GMM panel test of gravity model, we find that the effect of distance, self-collaboration effect and external-collaboration effect on research collaboration existed in short time, while hysteresis effect existed in the long run. Given this general trend, for technical economics and management discipline in China, NSFC should not only encourage the international scientific collaboration, but also lean on national collaboration for constructing the scientific collaboration system under virtuous operating mechanism.
Academic field actually contains two societies: the society of scholars and the society of academic symbols. Pierre Bourdieu considers the symbols as scholars’s capital and analyses the influence of the academic structure, academic profits, and scholar’s quality for scientific research. Then he explores the subjectivity of scientific knowledge production. Different from Bourdieu, the paper considers the scholars as the life source of symbols and analyses the birth, growth, competition and reproduction of symbols. Then the study explores the formation, development and extinction of academic field on the case of crisis study.
Due to the lack of fundamental works in statistic measuring, there exists some conceptual deviation in the field of Research Commercialization in China. The statistical survey, measuring and evaluation of research commercialization are discussed here based on the review and definition work for its contents, boundary and influencing factors. It is argued that research commercialization should focus on the commercialization of applicable achievements in University and public research institutes. For measuring and evaluation, many consensuses have been acquired in selecting indicators within some developing economies, and several national wide statistical surveys have been carried out as well. However, there never comes out an international comparable statistics and survey system in this field. Relevant studies in China pay more attention on the measuring methods, while the fundamental works of statistical survey, establishment of indicator system are far from accomplished. More efforts should be put on these fundamentals to promoting the research commercialization.
It is of great practical significance and value for enhancing the level of China’s IPR creation, application and industrialization, also for governments’ policy-making and enterprises’ strategy-upgrading that clarifying the definition, scope and statistical classification of intellectual property industries. At present, intellectual property industries are still the emerging-industry types in the frontier fields of competition. The developed countries such as the United States are increasingly accelerating the research and layout on the IP- related industries. By summarizing domestic and foreign research productions of the IP- related industries and drawing on the methods and criteria of the WIPO and U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in defining the related industries, this paper puts forward at the first time systematic definition, and identifies the statistical classification, key fields and the corresponding GB/T4754-2011 code of China’s intellectual property industry with several statistical methods.
The rise of patent cooperation network and its spatial, social and technological accumulation effect have become an important means to drive the growth of enterprise. Especially in the surge of patent, there are some key problems to be urgently solved in the research about utilizing patent cooperation network to promoting enterprise growth, such as how to build a patent cooperation network to adapt to the enterprise growth, which key capacities are trained to discover and use patent cooperation network resources, how to dynamically adjust the evolution of the patent cooperation network to break through the enterprise growth bottleneck. Breaking through the paradigm of whole-network of patent cooperation, in the perspective of ego-centered patent cooperation network, the study reviews and in-depth analysis the patent cooperation network structure, influence factors, the evolution law, and the influence mechanism from patent cooperation network to enterprise growth et al. Then the study points out the directions in future research in view of the problems existing in current research.
Abstract: Because of the innovation and the marginal benefit increasing effect of high-tech products, the companies are paying more and more attentions to the international market development. The patent internationalization strategy is not only to protect its technology, but also reflects the deployment intentions of the international market. In the telecommunications industry, LTE product is the new generation product following the 3G technology. And the commercial networks and the trial networks have already been constructed in many countries. Based on the empirical study on the patents of the top 12 companies in this technology, the analysis of evolution paths of patent internationalization of the MNCs has been given so that the law of the high-tech products patent internationalization strategy can be found. In addition, the theoretical references have been provided for the MNCs to find the potential patent partners and avoid the possible patent litigation risks
Market mechanisms are inefficient in industry-university cooperation because of inability to specific investment in advance and high coordination cost. Drawing on social exchange theory and transaction cost economics, this article provides a conceptual framework to explain why the two sides of the industry-university are most likely to make a deal by the bilateral governance which is constructed jointly by trust and contract. By identifying conditions under which the bilateral governance is effective and efficient, the government role has been made clear. At the end, this article provides some implications to science and technology policy.
Non-local university-industry collaboration is commonly and long existed in China. We conduct an empirical study of geographical distance on innovation performance of Guangdong University-industry collaboration projects as examples. The result shows that: geographical distance has positive impact on patent output and has negative impact on new product output. Therefor we should formulate different policy according to different innovation object.
This paper analyzed America federal R&D budget process, preparation cycle, budget performance management. It reflects the importance of R&D budget in fiscal budget fully. The tightness of the preparation methods and procedures, supervision and performance mechanism is very effective, which is worth of learning. Based on the Federal Government R&D budget implications, this paper put forward some measures and policy suggestions. Firstly, strengthen the science budget macro planning and the balance of power. Secondly, we should perfect budget openness and transparency and optimize the structure of the central financial investment in science and technology. Besides, develop and better the performance evaluation mechanism.
Based on network embeddedness and dynamic capability theory, proposes a conceptual model about the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities on the relationship of multiple network embeddedness and knowledge creation performance to solve the embeddedness paradox. The cluster firms of three industrial clusters in Fujian province are chosen as the research objects in the questionnaire survey, and the structural equation model is used to verify the hypotheses．The result shows that multiple network embeddedness influence knowledge creation performance by means of dynamic capability, but the mechanisms of the two capabilities are different. Our empirical findings indicate a full mediating role of absorptive capabilities in relational embeddedness and knowledge embeddedness, and creation capabilities act as a full mediating role in structural embeddedness and knowledge embeddedness. Therefore, cluster firms should pay attention to the bidirectional dynamic adjustment of multiple network embeddedness and dynamic capabilities, in order to achieve the best allocation of resources, and promote knowledge creation performance.
Entrepreneurial behavior is one of the important factors influencing the development of industrial clusters, this effect may come from not only the entrepreneurship itself, knowledge spillover effect of entrepreneurial behavior influencing industrial cluster development should also be concerned about. Based on the definition of three variable dimension of entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial knowledge spillover and industry cluster development performance, measurement tools are developed scientifically and the data are collected through questionnaires, the paper studies the relationship between the three empirically using structural equation models. Research shows that: entrepreneurial behavior has a significant impact on entrepreneurial knowledge spillover; entrepreneurship knowledge spillover effects on industrial cluster development performance significantly; influence of entrepreneurship behavior on the industrial cluster development performance is not significant.
Strategic orientation has an important impact on firm’s performance, but the findings have been mixed and conflicting, an in-depth exploration of its specific working mechanism still lacks. Based on two distinct literatures steams form technological innovation and strategic orientation, we present an integrated framework for analyzing strategic orientation, innovation model and firm performance. By conducting an empirical study of 179 sample Chinese firms, it is found that: (1) Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation both have significant positive effects on firm performance；（2）Either exploratory innovation or exploitative innovation will have significant positive effects to firm performance, while the interaction between exploratory learning and exploitative learning negatively affects firm’s performance. (3) Strategic orientation indirectly influences firm performance through the mediating role of exploitative and exploratory innovation. Specially, entrepreneurial orientation influences firm performance through the mediating role of exploitative innovation, while, both exploitative and exploratory innovation play the mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and firm performance. (4) Entrepreneurial-oriented enterprises are more focused on fundamental exploratory innovation and emphasis on the breakthrough of innovation results; while market-oriented enterprises are more focused on the incremental exploitative innovation.
The research of technological trajectory has long been the leading topic in the field of technological innovation. However, it still lacks an overall discussion on the relationship between the transition of industrial technology trajectory and the evolution of technological innovation. Based on the needs of strategic transition and the construction of industry safety in China, this article expounds the formation and evolution mechanism of industrial technology trajectory. Then the paper introduces the theory of level transition to explain the evolutionary regularity of technology trajectory, and further reveals the motives, types and trigger conditions of technical track transitions. Above these, the paper puts forward the level transition process model of industrial technology trajectory’s evolution, and hopes to make a new attempt to characterize the development of industrial technology innovation.
Abstract: Regional culture embeddedness makes the enterprises in the cluster innovation network become a strong identity, conduce to communicate and learn with each other, lower transaction costs, tend to netting cooperation; But a strong culture embeddedness makes industry cluster lock on the existing development path, lead to a loss of cluster innovation ability. Based on the analysis of related literature and characteristics of cluster innovation network, SIR mathematical model of culture embeddedness is constructed by using the principle of the transmission dynamics, to simulate the spread process of culture embeddedness, conclude that the culture embeddedness in the cluster innovation network is closely related with the average degree of the cluster network, clear the mathematical reasons that the cultural embeddedness lock the cluster innovation on the existing development path from the final state of no spread of SIR mathematical model; and further discussed control strategy for cultural embeddedness phenomenon in the cluster innovation network, to ensure that the cluster benefit from the perspective of cultural philosophy, promote the rapid development of cluster economy.
Industry-university-research collaborative innovation is the key to carry out innovation-driven growth strategy. China is implementing the ‘2011 Plan’, trying to build the national level Industry-university-research collaborative innovation platform. EIT (European Institute of Innovation and Technology) started earlier and more successful industry-university-research collaborative innovation platform aimed at revitalizing the EU economy. In this case, we study EIT platform case from the analysis of structure and collaborative innovation path, digging its internal mechanisms to achieve collaborative innovation. On this basis, we will make recommendations for the implementation of China collaborative innovation centers and Industry-university-research collaborative innovation platform.
