In August 2014, the problem of the debate of Lonicera japonica Thunb and Flos Lonicerae became the academic and public focus. By tracking the formation process of the actor-network of identifying Lonicera japonica Thunb, we find that National Pharmacopoeia Committee made the classification conclusion by the final lab reports. However, its programming methodology basis is inadequate. The reason is that the lab activity is situated, such as the social intervention, the experimenters’ skills, the conflicts of modern science and technology and local knowledge and benefits. All are included into the process of experiment and inspection. Therefore, in order to make sure the scientific and reasonable classification of Lonicera japonica Thunb and Flos Lonicerae, National Pharmacopoeia Committee should participate in the whole experimental and inspective process for management and supervision and introduce the third party independent inspection agency.
The process of technology innovation could be regarded as the collaborative development deprived from interactions among kinds of technique memes and the human intelligence. So how to find the technique meme to study the technology evolution, basic unit of knowledge innovation, has been the focus in the S&T management at home and abroad. Under these circumstances, the paper analyzed the basic function and application of technique meme, and then studied their derivatives, such as technology individual, technology population and technology community. Furthermore, we took the product manual as the reflection of technology and knowledge unit extracted from product specification as the representation of technique meme to discuss the technology evolution in the field of mobile phone, in order to reveal the structure detail from the perspective of technology individual and technology population. At last, we found that the filed could be seen as the knowledge ecosystem with knowledge unit as node and knowledge interaction between two nodes as link.
It is the differences among latecomers’ technological learning stages that are important references to industrial and technological policies. But such different stages and their differences were not emphasized in extant researches on technological learning. Based on an analysis of technical change, this paper introduces the concept of ‘technological self-reliance’ to depict the learning stage which focuses on latecomers’ assimilation of foreign technologies, and to illustrate its importance as the necessary stage in the transition from technological dependence to innovation. We emphasizes the decisive role of self-reliant product development in casting off technological dependence and getting technological self-reliance based on theoretical analysis and empirical evidences from four sectors. At the final part we discusses the significance of ‘technological self-reliance’ as an independent concept to understand the technical change and industrial development in China.
This paper makes an analysis of the co-author network quantitatively based on the 10671 Chinese academic articles focused on innovation management, which reveals the characteristics of the academic communities of innovation management and their main research directions in China, and discovers the author shift effect by statistics and centrality analysis on the authors appeared repeatedly in the network. All of these will benefit to make policies to develop the research directions and scientific cooperation for Chinese innovation management.
The Original sin of patent system problems is always rooted in the time when patent generated. Based on this, this paper analyzes the rationality of the patent generation policy in China through the theory of Entropy, as well as offer proposals of policy implementation mechanism to solve the problem of patent quality and patent grant delay which the methods of putting in resources and strengthening management can not resolve.
The local governments play an increasingly important role in a region’s innovation-driven development, but the regional innovation policy system in China is imperfect, and the innovation policies route is unclear. The paper builds a comparative analysis framework for innovation policies from three aspects: policy subjects，policy instruments and policy goals. Using this framework, the paper conducts a comparative analysis on the innovation policies between Jiangsu and California which are the two provincial (state-level) administrative regions of China and US. It is found that: (1) Both Jiangsu and California apply supply-sides, demand-sides and environmental-sides policy instruments. Jiangsu mainly applies supply-sides policy instruments, while California prefers to use environmental-sides policy instruments. (2)The overlap of policy making and executive departments is the main characteristics of Jiangsu. Meanwhile California applies Super-Ministry System and forms a “one to one” correspondence between policy subjects and policy instruments. This research provides inspiration and reference for the regional innovation policy making in China.
The independent innovation effect of industrial upgrading is an new topic among the economics research，and is also the critical one of national strategical prospects during China industrial upgrading. Based on the domestic and abroad literature research, This paper deeply analyses the influence mechanism between industrial upgrading and independent innovation. For this, an empirical test is carried out by using proper model and Chinese provinces data related during 1998 and 2012. It is shown that the spillover effect on independent innovation of industrial upgrading is exist, the more obvious it is, the more strong Chinese independent innovation is. However, the effects on eastern、middle and western China are the larger different. It is suggested that in order to improve independent innovation ability through industrial upgrading, The key is to increase investment in research, enhance the absorb ability and independent R&D ability, and create a favorable policy environment for independent innovation.
Base on the negative binomial model and provincial dynamic panel data from Chinese 21 provinces’ agricultural sub-categories patents data in 2005-2012,This paper study industry upgrading and linkage effects on agricultural innovation capability of China from the perspective of inter-industry and intra-industry, using SYS-GMM and LSDVC, We find: At the national level, industrial structure optimization and upgrading have obvious positive industry linkage effects, non-agricultural R&D investment have positive technology spillover effects, but agricultural R&D have negative spillover effects. At the regional level, agricultural R&D, non-agricultural R&D and non-agricultural trade have negative technology spillover in Eastern and Central regions, agricultural R&D and non-agricultural R&D have positive industry linkage and technological spillover effects respectively. We should take full advantage of industrial upgrading and linkage continue to enhance the agricultural science and technological innovation capacity for China's modern agriculture and the “three rural issues”.
An increasing inflow of overseas students choose to return to China for career development. The number of returnees in the recent six years has reached over 1.1 million, three folds of that of prior 30 years combine. Returnees business startups help promote China's economic development. To encourage returnees’ business venture, Chinese government has introduced a number of policies. It is important to investigate factors that can affect the returnees’ entrepreneurial intention. This paper is based on the data jointly surveyed on returnees by Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management and the Center for China and Globalization. There were 288 samples selected from this survey conducted from late 2011 to early 2012. In this paper, we focus on returnees’ human capital and technological capital of returnees, and examine the impact of these capitals on returnees’ intention to do business. The paper shows that the probability of returnees’ intention to do business is significantly and positively correlated to three factors: (1) returnees’ education degree that earned overseas, (2) business model brought from overseas, and (3) whether the business to be in the secondary industry; their marginal effects respectively were 52.26%, 30.93%, and 44.23%. The study can be improved if variables, such as returnees psychological characteristics and natures of domestic business environment, available.
Applying for the idea of ecosystem, this paper puts forward to a basic frame of entrepreneurial university building the entrepreneurship education ecosystem (EEE). Then, by using the method of multi-case study and focusing on the sample of three universities (Stanford University of U.S, Technische Universit?t München (TUM) of Germany, and Nanyang Technological University of Singapore), the paper compares the practice and experience of each university in the process of building its own entrepreneurship education ecosystem. After that, some policy-related suggestions which would be beneficial for Chinese universities to improve entrepreneurship education have been proposed.
Abstract：In this paper, under the transformation and upgrading situation, from the decision-making mechanism of continuous entrepreneurial decision model, study the inner mechanism of build continuous entrepreneurial decision mode and decision process, and using the empirical method to explore its relationship with firm performance, and then interpret this decision model can effectively solve the problem of continuous entrepreneurial decision-making, expecting to direct serial entrepreneurs how to apply by embedding hatch decision model for specific decisions.
Knowledge distance has an important influence to knowledge transfer, but there is no certain conclusion about the relationship between them. This paper believes that the consistent conclusion will be found only in a certain context of the knowledge characteristics. This paper divides the knowledge characteristics into four type based on two dimensions: knowledge tacitness and complexity, explores the relationship between Knowledge Distance and Knowledge Transfer under these four type knowledge context when employee transfer the task knowledge. The conclusion of this paper will help business in practice of the knowledge management.
Based on the patent citation data of forty-one countries from three innovative leading countries, this paper investigates the geographic location and institutional proximity mode of knowledge diffusion. The results show that the legal institutional proximity definitely exits except for geographic localization mode in international knowledge diffusion. The countries with same legal origin have higher knowledge diffusion strength than otherwise. But the IPR institutional difference has no effect on knowledge diffusion. No substitutability or complementary effect is found between geographic location and legal institutional proximity mode means that further attention should be paid on the research of the different mechanism or channel of two modes. Lastly, we discuss the policy implication of these findings in term of promoting international knowledge diffusion.
By manually gathering the innovation data of information technology and bio-medical firms listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets, this paper studies the effect of VC and PE on firm’s innovation input. The study finds that VC is an effective investor that can promote firm’s innovation input of IPO’s previous year, while the relationship between PE and firm’s innovation input is not obvious, and that both the early entry and the incubation time of VC and PE have a significantly positive influence on firm’s innovation input. Further analysis reveals that VC and PE constitute an effective joint investment to enhance firm’s innovation input; in addition, the above factors have no significant effect on firm’s innovation input of the IPO year.
Abstract: Based on the World Bank about Chinese enterprises operating system environment quality survey data in 2012, this paper in order to study the relationship between bank credits, ownership nature and enterprise innovation from the perspective of empirical. The results show that, Bank credit has significant positive influence on enterprise innovation, and the proportion of ownership nature can significantly inhibit the enterprise innovation, with the increase of the proportion of state-owned further, the positive effect of bank credit on enterprise innovation will gradually weakened .The study also found small enterprises and young enterprise innovation are more Sensitivity on bank credit and ownership nature. These results imply deepen the reform of the financial system, guide the state-owned enterprises play a role of enterprise innovation leader will help to promote enterprise innovation. This paper provides a micro foundation for interpretation of causality relationship between financial market development, government intervention and economic transition.
The asymmetric coupling mechanisms are discovered among upstream component and downstream complement technology populations in innovation ecosystem of hi-tech Industries. This article studied empirically the coupling relations and their influencing factors of technology populations based on the density dependence model. If technology populations interact more frequently, their coupling relations are stronger. If a technology population is more important and its ownership is more concentrative, the coupling coefficients of other technology populations to it are larger.
Drawing on institutional theory, upper echelons theory and eco-innovation literature, this study tests the relationship between external stakeholders’ environmental orientation and eco-innovation with moderating effect of internal top managers’ environmental awareness. Based on a sample of 144 manufacturers and tangible service firms in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai provinces of China, results of OLS regression analysis are as followings: Firstly, governments’ environmental orientation (GEO) has an inverse U-shape relationship with ecologica process innovation (ESI)，and the relationship is stronger when top managers’ environmental risk awareness (ERA) is higher;GEO is positively correlated with ecological product innovation (ETI) and this relationship is stronger when top managers’ environmental benefit awareness (EBA) is higher; although GEO has no direct relationship to ecological management innovation (EMI), the interaction of GEO and ERA is positively related to EMI. Secondly, clients’ environmental orientation (CtEO) is positively related to EMI, has an inverse U-shape with ETI and this relationship is weaker when EBA is higher. Thirdly, rivals’ environmental orientation (REO) is positively correlated with EMI, ETI and ESI.
