关键词: 同行评议, 科学自主性, 社会建构, 多元评价机制, 伦理评估, Peer Review, Science Autonomy, Social Construct, Multi- evaluation , Ethical Assessment

Abstract: As one of the scientific evaluation method peer review reflects science autonomy and self-discipline since the Enlightenment. Yet, with the changes of means and ends in the science research, scientific knowledge is now defined as uncertainty rather than certainty, along with convergence and interaction of science, technology, economy, society and politics. The scope of the scientific activities has been far beyond the range of scientific community. The influence of scientific activities, including its negative elements, has spread to the nature and various social fields. In this context, it is important to evaluate the social consequences to scientific applications. Peer review, as one of the important scientific evaluation methods, still has its limitations. Based on the review of the origin and limits of the peer review method, this paper proposes the constructing a multi-evaluation mechanism, in particular the ethical assessment should be included on the scientific assessment system, and the public acceptability of the scientific and technological researches should be considered.