Abstract: By original innovation forces, the paper presented sorts innovation into two types, namely "Science-based innovation" and "Technology-based innovation" and correspondingly sorts industries into "Science-based industries" and "Technology-based industries". In the past three decades, China surpassed developed countries in some industries while lagged behind and hard to catch up in other industries. It is hard to catch up with developed countries in such industries because there are unique developing disciplines in these industries and we have not figure it out clearly. To solve this problem, we first purposed both qualitative and quantitative definitions of science-based innovation and science-based industries respectively. Second, we identified typical science-based and technology-based industries. Finally, we purposed industries-science correlation index and analyzed its properties.