关键词: 国立科研机构, 预算拨款, 机构经费, 竞争经费

Abstract: How to allocate the budget for national research institutes (NRIs) according to their positions and to improve the efficiency of the budget, is an important issue in the fields of government S&T investment and NRIs management. Three kinds of positions of NRIs are proposed in this study, which are for serving the national demands, pursuing the frontiers of science and technology, and meeting the market needs, respectively. Different allocation models based on these three different kinds of positions are analyzed by case studies on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the U.S., the German Max Planck Society and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Subsequently, three kinds of models, naming project-based task-oriented model, people-based discipline-oriented model, and funding matching-based market-oriented model, are summarized. At last, suggestions are offered regarding to the budget appropriation problems for NRIs in China, which include making clear positions for NRIs, allocating budget based on the positions, and establishing performance accountability mechanism.