Abstract: Abstract: On the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology, the Soviet delegation first elaborated the Marxist view of history of science. Especially?Boris Hessen’s ‘Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s ‘Principia.’’ explored the connection between Newton's scientific work and the social and economic context of the times. It was very different from the research methods of scientific history at that time. Even though the Soviets used dialectical materialism to explain the important figures and events in the history of science，and it was regarded as dogmatic and vulgar. But after the meeting, their historiography method was constantly fermenting. On the one hand, historians criticized it violently, on the other hand, scientists blindly praised it. It constantly sparked controversy and finally prepared for the social and cultural transformation of science historiography.