Abstract: Social governance needs the empowerment of technological innovation, but the "time lag effect" of technological innovation risk is the object of social governance, which leads to the inherent synergy and reflexivity between modern technological innovation and technological governance in logic and practice, that is, the innovative development of emerging technologies cannot be separated from the synchronous construction of adaptive governance system. Therefore, the governance dilemma brought by the extension of scientific experiment to real world experience requires the collective participation of the public and experts, and faces the uncertainty through experimental practice, which leads to the collaborative innovation-governance model of "collective experiment". From the perspective of STS and co-construction, the emergence of collective experiment phenomenon can be systematically expounded and then conceptualized, and the practice path of collective experiment, which is a new governance model, can be standardized, in order to expand the emerging STS theme of "technology development as a real-world experiment".