元知识开发能力对企业颠覆性创新的影响———资源到能力的视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在中美贸易摩擦升级和关键核心技术受制于人的背景下，颠覆性创新已成为中国企业跨越式发展的新机遇和国家战略目标落地的重要突破口。元知识开发能力是知识管理领域的新兴概念，可能成为推动颠覆性创新的重要动力来源，但既有文献并未明晰其作用效果和机制。本研究基于知识基础理论与动态能力理论，构建了元知识开发能力影响企业颠覆性创新的多阶段理论模型，并以331家相关企业为研究对象进行了实证研究。结果发现：（1）元知识开发能力通过知识转移、动态能力的链式中介作用正向影响企业颠覆性创新；（2）社会资本对元知识开发能力和知识转移均有显著的促进作用；（3）动态能力在知识转移和颠覆性创新之间起到完全中介作用。研究丰富了知识管理与创新管理的相关理论，为中国企业实现颠覆性创新提供了启示。

Abstract: Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by the escalating trade frictions between China and the United States, it is vital for Chinese enterprises to achieve the transformation from "Following" to "Leading" through disruptive innovation breakthroughs. Disruptive innovation has become the key to the development of enterprises and the implementation of national strategic goals. Meta-knowledge development capability is a new concept in knowledge management that may become disruptive innovation's power source. However, the effect and mechanism of this role are not evident in the existing literature. Based on the theory of knowledge transfer and dynamic capability, and with the construction of resources to capabilities as the clue, this study establishes a multi-stage theoretical model for transforming meta-knowledge development capability into enterprise disruptive innovation. Data were collected from 331 relevant Chinese enterprises through a questionnaire survey. PLS-SEM and bootstrapping were used to test the hypothesis. In order to further verify the results of the empirical analysis, the researchers interviewed top managers of 10 enterprises engaged in disruptive innovation activities, with an average interview time of 38 minutes. The research results show that: (1) Meta-knowledge development capability has a positive and significant impact on the disruptive innovation of enterprises, and this effect is realized through the chain mediation of knowledge transfer and dynamic ability. Specifically, the meta-knowledge development capability broadens the scope of knowledge search, enables enterprises to locate and obtain the required knowledge accurately, and improves the efficiency of knowledge transfer. Furthermore, the accumulation and interactive configuration of knowledge resources have improved the dynamic capabilities of enterprises and promoted their disruptive innovation. (2) Social capital can strengthen the influence of meta-knowledge development ability and its path, and it plays a significant role in promoting meta-knowledge development ability and knowledge transfer. This is mainly because high social capital can provide rich and stable access to knowledge and help enterprises acquire new knowledge with both quality and quantity. (3) Dynamic capability is essential in the path from meta-knowledge development capability to enterprise disruptive innovation. It plays a complete intermediary role between knowledge transfer and disruptive innovation. In other words, the indirect impact of knowledge transfer on disruptive innovation is achieved by improving enterprises' perception, responsiveness, and resource allocation through knowledge transfer. Based on the management practice in China, the research results enrich the relevant theories of knowledge management and innovation management. The research links disruptive innovation and the frontier concept of knowledge management, meta-knowledge development capability, and clarifies the significance of meta-knowledge development capability in promoting enterprises to achieve disruptive innovation, expanding the research on the impact of knowledge management on disruptive innovation and providing suggestions for the systematic construction of the theoretical system in the field of disruptive innovation. At the same time, managers of enterprises need to recognize the importance of knowledge management when conducting disruptive innovation. Moreover, they should pay more attention to meta-knowledge development capabilities and actively take measures such as expanding social capital, strengthening knowledge transfer, and constantly cultivating dynamic capabilities to achieve the goal of disruptive innovation.

张亚莉李辽辽卢迪. 元知识开发能力对企业颠覆性创新的影响———资源到能力的视角[J]. 科学学研究, 2023, 41(10): 1864-1874.

参考文献

[1] Danneels, E. Disruptive technology reconsidered: a critique and research agenda [J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2004, 21(4): 246-258. [2] 刘云, 桂秉修, 马志云et al. 国家重大工程背景下的颠覆性创新模式探究 [J]. 科学学研究, 2019, 37(10): 1864-1873. [3] Cheng, Y, Huang, L, Ramlogan, R., et al. Forecasting of potential impacts of disruptive technology in promising technological areas: Elaborating the SIRS epidemic model in RFID technology [J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2017, 117: 170-183. [4] 王家宝, 陈继祥. 颠覆性创新、生产性服务业与后发企业竞争优势 [J]. 科学学研究, 2010, 28(3): 444-448. [5]余维臻,斯晓夫,严雨姗.中国情境下新创企业如何实现颠覆性创新？[J/OL].科学学研究:1-19[2022-07-30].DOI:10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.20220531.001. [6] Christensen, C M. The ongoing process of building a theory of disruption [J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2006, 23(1): 39-55. [7] 林春培, 沈鹤, 余传鹏. 企业外部社会联系对破坏性创新的影响研究 [J]. 科研管理, 2019, 40(5): 80-89. [8] 徐建中, 李奉书, 黄婧涵. 齐美尔连接、知识密度与企业颠覆性技术创新 [J]. 科研管理, 2020, 41(1): 79-89. [9] 龚蛟腾. 元知识与元知识管理(学)——关于书目情报与目录学本质的探讨 [J]. 图书与情报, 2008, 4(1): 29-33. [10] M.Wegner, D. A computer network model of human transactive memory [J]. Social Cognition, 1995, 13(3): 319-339. [11] Leonardi, P M. Social media, knowledge sharing, and innovation: toward a theory of communication visibility [J]. Information Systems Research, 2014, 25(4): 667-891. [12] Foss, N J, Jensen, H. Managerial meta-knowledge and adaptation: Governance choice when firms don’t know their capabilities [J]. Strategic Organization, 2019, 17(2): 153-176. [13] Christensen, C M. The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail [M]. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press 1997. [14] Miller, D, Chen, M-J. Sources and consequences of competitive inertia: a study of the u.s. Airline industry [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1994, 39(1): 1-23. [15] Xu, J, Yao, L, Li, Let al. Argumentation based reinforcement learning for meta-knowledge extraction [J]. Information Sciences, 2020, 506: 258-272. [16] Flor, M L, Cooper, S Y, Oltra, M J. External knowledge search, absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms [J]. European Management Journal, 2018, 36(2): 183-194. [17] Masterton, S, Watt, S. Oracles, bards, and village gossips, or social roles and meta knowledge management [J]. Information Systems Frontiers, 2000, 2(3-4): 299-315. [18] Engelbrecht, A, Gerlach, J P, Benlian, Aet al. How employees gain meta-knowledge using enterprise social networks: A validation and extension of communication visibility theory [J]. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2019, 28(3): 292-309. [19] 陈耘, 赵富强, 周槿晗. AUO-AHRP对组织创新绩效的影响研究——知识转移与社会资本的作用 [J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(5): 164-171. [20] 田真真, 王新华, 孙江永. 创新网络结构、知识转移与企业合作创新绩效 [J]. 软科学, 2020, 34(11): 77-83. [21] 余维新, 熊文明, 黄卫东. 创新网络关系治理对知识流动的影响机理研究 [J]. 科学学研究, 2020, 38(2): 373-384. [22] Beatriz, O, J, D M, Fátima, G. Inter-organizational social capital as an antecedent of a firm’s knowledge identification capability and external knowledge acquisition [J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2018, 22(6): 1332-1357. [23] Gilbert, M, Cordey-Hayes, M. Understanding the process of knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation [J]. Technovation, 1996, 16(6): 301-312. [24] Laursen, K, Salter, A. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among u.k. Manufacturing firms [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2006, 27(2): 131-150. [25] Teece, D J. Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007, 28(13): 1319-1350. [26] Mostafiz, M I, Sambasivan, M, Goh, S K. The antecedents and the outcomes of foreign market knowledge accumulation – the dynamic managerial capability perspective [J]. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 2019, 34(4): 902-920. [27] Newell, S. Knowledge transfer and learning: problems of knowledge transfer associated with trying to short-circuit the learning cycle [J]. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 2006, 2(3): 275-290. [28] Eriksson, T. Processes, antecedents and outcomes of dynamic capabilities [J]. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 2014, 30(1): 65-82. [29] 焦豪, 杨季枫, 应瑛. 动态能力研究述评及开展中国情境化研究的建议 [J]. 管理世界, 2021, 37(05): 191-210+114+122-124. [30] 赵英鑫, 韩清艳, 巩欣宇. 基于知识和惯例的动态能力形成模型研究 [J]. 情报科学, 2021, 39(07): 63-67+90. [31] Mathrani, S. Critical business intelligence practices to create meta-knowledge [J]. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 2021, 36(1): 1-20. [32] 廖开际, 罗俊勤. 企业业务流程知识检索方法研究——基于知识模式 [J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(03): 420-426. [33] Inkpen, A C, Tsang, E. Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2005, 30(1): 146-165. [34] Yli-Renko, H, Autio, E, Sapienza, H J. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2001, 22(6-7): 587-613. [35] Charles Dhanaraj, Marjorie A Lyles, H Kevin Steensmaet al. Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in ijvs: the role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance [J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2004, 35(5): 428-442. [36] Leiblein, M J, Madsen, T L. Unbundling competitive heterogeneity: incentive structures and capability influences on technological innovation [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2009, 30(7): 711-735. [37] Faraj, S, Yan Xiao. Coordination in fast-response organizations [J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(8): 1155-1169. [38] Christensen, C M, Bohmer, R, Kenagy, J. Will disruptive innovation cure health care ? [J]. Harvard business review, 2000, 78(5): 102-113. [39] Uzuegbunam, I S, Geringer, J M. Culture, connectedness, and international adoption of disruptive innovation [J]. Journal of International Management, 2021, 27(1): 100807. [40] Srivastava, M K, Gnyawali, D R, Hatfield, D E. Behavioral implications of absorptive capacity: The role of technological effort and technological capability in leveraging alliance network technological resources [J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2015, 92: 346-358. [41] Srivastava, M K, Laplume, A O. Matching technology strategy with knowledge structure: Impact on firm's Tobin's q in the semiconductor industry [J]. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2014, 33: 93-112.