学术创业对高校教师科研产出的影响效应研究———知识探索的中介作用

科学学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 583-593.

学术创业对高校教师科研产出的影响效应研究———知识探索的中介作用

宫磊¹,陈强²,常旭华³,沈天添²

1. 同济大学
2. 同济大学经济与管理学院
3. 上海市上海国际知识产权学院

收稿日期:2022-11-18 修回日期:2023-01-06 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-15
通讯作者: 常旭华
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目

Research on the Effect of Academic Entrepreneurship on Faculty Research Output: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Exploration

Received:2022-11-18 Revised:2023-01-06 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学术创业已成为科技成果转化的重要形式之一。如何权衡学术创业对科学研究的利弊影响逐渐成为学术界的关注焦点。基于知识探索理论，以上海市五所教育部直属高校的7641名在岗教师为研究对象，多源匹配教师的科研成果及学术创业活动数据，构建了泊松和Tobit回归模型，分析学术创业对教师科研产出的影响效应，并以知识探索为中介探究学术创业效应的内在传导机制。研究结果表明：教师的学术创业状态显著促进了其对新研究领域的知识探索；知识探索对教师基础研究产出的数量和应用研究的质量水平具有直接的积极影响，并在学术创业与基础研究产出影响力和应用研究产出数量的正向关系中发挥了部分中介作用。高校应关注学术创业的互利和挤出效应，基于组织愿景合理引导教师的创业行为。建立学术创业相关的配套政策，完善多目标导向的教师绩效评价体系，促进科学研究与成果转化的协同有序发展。

Abstract: Academic entrepreneurship has become one of the most prevalent forms of science and technology transformation. In order to clarify the impact mechanism of academic entrepreneurship, individual information of 7641 faculty members affiliated with five universities in Shanghai was collected, which included research achievements and academic entrepreneurship activities. The Poisson and Tobit regression models were constructed to analyze the effect of academic entrepreneurship on faculty members' research output. The internal transmission mechanism of the effect of academic entrepreneurship was explored with knowledge exploration as the mediator. According to the study, faculty members' real status of academic entrepreneurship significantly promoted knowledge exploration in new disciplines. A direct effect of knowledge exploration on faculty members' basic research output and the quality of applied research was observed, while it played a mediating role for the impact of academic entrepreneurship on the impact of basic research and the quantity of applied research. There should be careful consideration of both the mutual benefits and clog-out effects associated with academic entrepreneurship and reasonable guidance of faculty members' entrepreneurial behavior in accordance with an organization's vision. Several supporting policies are needed to support academic entrepreneurship, improve the multi-goal performance evaluation system for faculty, and encourage the synergistic and orderly development of scientific research and academic entrepreneurship.

宫磊陈强常旭华沈天添. 学术创业对高校教师科研产出的影响效应研究———知识探索的中介作用[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(3): 583-593.

参考文献

[1]Baron, R. M., Kenny, D. A. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173-1182. [2]Buenstorf, G. 2009. Is commercialization good or bad for science? Individual-level evidence from the Max Plank Society. Research Policy, 38, 281-292. [3]Buenstorf, G. Is commercialization good or bad for science? Individual-level evidence from the Max Plank Society[J]. Research Policy, 2009, 38, 281-292. [4]Calderini M, Franzoni C, Vezzulli A. The unequal benefits of academic patenting for science and engineering research[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2009, 56(1):16-30. [5]Cohen, W.M., Sauermann, H., Stephan, P. Not in the job description: The commercial activities of academic scientists and engineers. Management Science, 2020, 66(9), 4108-4117. [6]Criscuolo, P., Verspagen, B. Does it matter where patent citations come from? Inventor vs. examiner citations in European patents[J]. Research Policy, 2008, 37(10): 1892-1908. [7]Evans, J. A. Industry Induces Academic Science to Know Less about More[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 2010, 116(2): 389-452. [8]Fini, R., Perkmann, M., Ross, J. M. Attention to Exploration: The Effect of Academic Entrepreneurship on the Production of Scientific Knowledge[J]. Organization Science, 2022, 33(2): 688-715. [9]Fleming, L. Recombinant uncertainty in technological search[J]. Management Science, 2001, 47(1): 117-132. [10]Fong, P.S.W., Chang, X.H., Chen, Q. Faculty patent assignment in the Chinese mainland: Evidence from 35 top patent application universities[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2018, (43), 69-95. [11]Hayter, C.S., Fischer, B., Rasmussen, E. Becoming an academic entrepreneur: how scientists develop an entrepreneurial identity[J]. Small Business Economics. 2021. Doi: 10.1007/s11187-021-00585-3. [12]Hicks, R., Tingley, D. Causal mediation analysis[J]. Stata Journal, 2011, 11(4): 605-619. [13]Holley A C, Watson J. Academic Entrepreneurial Behavior: Birds of more than one feather[J]. Technovation, 2017, 64-65: 50-57. [14]Hottenrott, H., Lawson, C., 2017. Fishing for complementarities: Research grants and research productivity. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 51, 1-38. [15]Huang J M, Gates A J, Sinatra R, et al. Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(9): 4609-4616. [16]Hussinger, K., Carvalho, J.N., 2022. The long-term effect of research grants on the scientific output of university professors. Industry and Innovation, 29 (4), 463-487. [17]Lam A. From 'Ivory Tower Traditionalists' to 'Entrepreneurial Scientists'? Academic Scientists in Fuzzy University-Industry Boundaries[J]. Social Studies of Science, 2010, 40(2): 307-340. [18]Lee, S.J., 2019. Academic entrepreneurship: exploring the effects of academic patenting activity on publication and collaboration among heterogeneous researchers in South Korea. Journal of Technology Transfer, 44 (6), 1993-2013. [19]Lerner, J. The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis[J]. RAND Journal of Economics, 1994, 25(2): 319-333. [20]Li, H., Yang, X., Cai, X. L. Academic spin-off activities and research performance: the mediating role of research collaboration[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2022, 47(4): 1037-1069. [21]Lowe, R. A., Gonzalez-Brambila, C. Faculty entrepreneurs and research productivity[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer, 2007, 32(3): 173-194. [22]Lowe, R., Gonzalez-Brambula, C. 2007. Faculty entrepreneurs and research productivity. Journal of Technology Transfer, 32, 173-194. [23]Matutes, C, P. Regibeau, and K. Rockett. Optimal Patent Design and the Diffusion of Innovations[J]. RAND Journal of Economics, 1996, 27 (1): 60-83. [24]Müller, K. Academic spin-off’s transfer speed- Analyzing the time from leaving university to venture. Research Policy, 2010, 39, 189-199. [25]Powell, W. W., Sandholtz, K. W. Amphibious entrepreneurs and the emergence of organizational forms[J]. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2012, 6(2): 94-115. [26]Rissler L J, Hale K L, Joffe N R, et al. Gender Differences in Grant Submissions across Science and Engineering Fields at the NSF[J]. Bioscience, 2020, 70(9): 814-820. [27]Silva M D. Academic entrepreneurship and traditional academic duties: Synergy or rivalry?[J]. Studies in Higher Education, 2015, 41(12):2169-2183. [28]Yin, D. Y., Motohashi, K., Dang, J. W. Large-scale name disambiguation of Chinese patent inventors (1985-2016)[J]. Scientometrics, 2020, 122(2): 765-790. [29]陈艾华, 陈婵. 基于角色认同的学术创业协同创新机理——来自高校跨学科创业团队的实证研究[J/OL]. 科学学研究, 2022: 1-17. DOI:10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.20220407.002. [30]崔林蔚. 科研人员科研产出及影响力性别分层的研究进展[J]. 科学学研究, 2021, 39(07): 1239-1247. [31]郭峰,邹波,李艳霞,武红玉. 基于社会身份认同的学术创业者身份悖论整合研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2019, 31(02): 34-43. [32]童夏雨. 创业型大学教师转型行为及引导策略研究[J]. 教育研究, 2017, 38(10): 114-120+156. [33]肖丁丁, 任雪琳, 朱桂龙. 学术创业团队中持续合作意愿的构建机制——基于过程与结果双重视角[J/OL]. 科学学研究, 2022: 1-16. DOI:10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.20220124.004. [34]熊文明, 余维新, 陈传明. 基于复杂适应系统理论的学术创业者双元角色协同过程研究[J]. 商业经济与管理, 2020(08): 34-44. [35]徐飞, 杨丽. 女性科学家科研产出之谜及原因初探[J]. 科学学研究, 2009, 27(11): 1627-1633.