Abstract: In the context of promoting the high-quality development of intellectual property rights, the cognition of patent quality and the construction of the evaluation index system are important bases for improving patent quality and creating a high-quality innovation mechanism. Reviewing the existing research from the aspects of the concept of patent quality, patent quality evaluation index system and evaluation method, we can find that there is no unified conclusion on the definition of patent quality and the lack of definition of patent quality itself, which leads to the unclear patent quality cognition system, and the evaluation indexes and evaluation methods put forward on this basis are different and lack of systematic combing.In view of the shortcomings of the existing research, it puts forward the outlook of future: the entity carrying the patent quality should be the patent object, so as to determine the concept of patent object quality, and on this basis, establishing a patent quality cognition system centered on the quality of patent object, and constructing corresponding index system and evaluation method based on the systematic patent quality cognition system.