Abstract: China is currently facing significant challenges due to a technological blockade that hinders its progress towards becoming a leading innovator. Catch-up oriented innovation is a type of mission-oriented innovation (MOI), which is the key way for China to solve the “jamming” problem and realize self-reliant self-improvement science and technology. This paper integrates the theories of policy particles and resource orchestration, constructs the research framework of “policy orchestration- triple chain coordination- catch-up MOI”, reveals the inherent laws of the realization of catch-up MOI in different stages, and chooses mobile communication industry in China to carry out case tests. The results show that at different stages of CMOI, differentiated policy orchestration and triple-chain coordination are necessary to play an effective driving role. Firstly, the industrial catch-up process has prioritized a phase characterized by original imitation, with the government paying particular attention to the bridging policy orchestration. This involves the deconstruction of existing policy structures to address identified shortcomings and improve the coherence and effectiveness of the policy landscape. The government strengthens cooperation within the chain through bridging policy orchestration, forms a chain coordination mode of triple chains solo defence, enhances the basic strength and ensures the capability of the industry. Secondly, the industry enters the “curve acceleration” catch-up stage, with the government paying particular attention to the mash-up policy orchestration. This involves expanding the governance space and path of the original policy area through policy particle deconstruction, and strengthening the auxiliary coordination of innovation chain and service chain. The formation of an accompanying chain coordination mode dominated by the industrial chain, supported by the innovation chain and the service chain, is formed to accelerate the existing technological innovation of the industry. This approach helps to enhance the industrial technology foundation strength and basic support capacity of the industrial chain as a whole. This enables the focal industry chain to reduce the risks associated with research and development, overcome obstacles to innovation, and accelerate technological progress along the existing technological path of the industry. Finally, the industry enters the “parallel overtaking” catch-up phase, with the government paying particular attention to the integrated policy orchestration. This integrated policy orchestration contributes to the formation of a new variant of “all-in-one” policy. Through the integrated policy orchestration, the triple chains are interactively dominant, further forming a chain coordination mode of triple chains ensemble symbiosis, jointly surpassing the lead, and finally realizing the whole process of CMOI. The preceding analyses and conclusions provide further inspiration for the following: Firstly, the government should implement a strategy of gradual coordination of the triple chains through the continuous improvement of MOIP, with the ultimate goal of achieving CMOI. It is essential to recognize the varying stages of catching up with the industry, including the original imitation ,curve acceleration, and parallel overtaking. Furthermore, the policies should be optimized according to the mission intention of each stage, enhancing the effectiveness of the policies. Secondly, the government should adopt a policy particle approach to overcome path dependence, ensuring dynamic alignment with the desired direction, precise focus on the mission, optimal policy impact, enhanced efficiency in addressing the core issues of the triple chains, and improved policy quality and effectiveness. Ultimately, the government must persist in the reinforcement of the industrial, innovation, and service chains, thereby fostering synergies and coordination among the chains and optimizing the internal and external resource allocation of the triple chains to expedite the realization of CMOI.