Abstract: Achieving governance at source, systematic governance, governance in accordance with the law, and effectively serving the needs of high-quality economic and social development are important issues for the modernization of the government's data security governance system and governance capacity. Using data life cycle and social capital theories, this study creatively proposes a data security governance theoretical framework that bridges the gap between data life cycle theories with the trust mechanism of "system - organization - society", and then provides an operational mechanism for deconstructing the risks of governmental data governance and realizing effective governance, so as to realize an effective cycle. The research results show that from a horizontal perspective, data life cycle theory provides a systematic logical approach for government data security risk governance and its modernization, which can connect the internal and external governance processes and deconstruct the risks according to the focus of data security at different stages of the whole life cycle. From the perspective of mechanism logic, government data security risk governance is a process of system management "hard power" and trust embedded in "soft power" at the same time, two-pronged process, which requires "both soft and hard". "In order to create a government data security governance system based on "good governance".