Abstract: Basic research has the characteristics of long investment cycle, low probability of success and strong spillover of results, which leads to the relative lack of incentives for enterprises to carry out basic research, limiting the generation and transformation of new knowledge for the market. How to effectively motivate enterprises to carry out basic research? Based on the annual statistical data of Zhongguancun enterprises from 2009 to 2018, this paper analyzes theoretically and empirically the driving factors for enterprises to carry out basic research from two dimensions of government and market respectively. The findings are as follows: First, government support significantly promotes enterprises to carry out basic research on the whole. When government support increases by 1%, the number of scientific and technological papers published by enterprises increases by about 0.4%. Among all kinds of government support policies, supply-side support policies such as government departments' science and technology funds and high-tech enterprises' tax reduction and exemption policies have the most significant and stable positive impact on basic research. Second, the driving effect of market on enterprise basic research needs to be further strengthened, the incentive effect of market competition effect is limited, and the promoting effect of productivity relative level is more significant. Third, by measuring the contribution degree of each influencing factor, it is found that the enterprise size has the largest contribution degree to basic research, followed by R&D subsidies and tax incentives. This study provides empirical evidence for balancing government and market forces and scientifically and effectively formulating incentive policies to encourage enterprises to carry out basic research.

摘要： 基础研究具有投入周期长、成功概率低及成果外溢性强的特点，导致企业普遍相对缺乏开展基础研究的激励，限制了面向市场的新知识的产生和转化。如何有效激励企业开展基础研究？本文基于2009-2018年中关村企业年度统计数据，分别从政府和市场两个维度理论分析并实证探讨了企业开展基础研究的驱动因素。研究发现：第一，政府支持总体上显著促进了企业开展基础研究，政府支持每增加1%，企业发表科技论文数量增加约0.4%，且在各类政府支持政策中，政府部门科技资金及高新企业减免税政策等供给端支持政策对基础研究的正向影响最为显著和稳健；第二，市场对企业基础研究的驱动效果有待进一步加强，市场竞争效应的激励效果有限，生产率相对水平的促进效果更为显著；第三，通过测算各影响因素的贡献度，发现企业规模对基础研究的贡献度最大，其次为研发补贴和税收优惠政策。本研究为平衡政府和市场力量、科学有效制定激励政策促使企业开展基础研究提供了经验证据。