Abstract: To uncover what makes the knowledge transfer effectiveness different in technology alliance at the enterprise organization level, this paper puts forward a series of hypothesis that the knowledge transfer effectiveness may be impacted by inter-organizational learning and/or strategy flexibility. 308 questionnaires survey of alliance enterprises in North China (e.g. Shanxi, Tianjin) was analyzed using structural equation model based on maximum likelihood estimation. The results show that inter-organizational learning can significantly enhance the different strategy flexibility (resource flexibility and capability flexibility); Knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance is positively affected by capability flexibility but negatively affected by resource flexibility. Interestingly, inter-organizational learning can still positively affect knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance although it is distracted by the negative conduction of resource flexibility. Moreover, inter-organizational learning and different strategy flexibility affect knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance significantly differ. This study promotes the related theoretical research and offers an operable guidance for the practical collaboration of alliance enterprise.

摘要： 为探明企业组织层面上技术联盟知识转移有效性的差异来源，梳理现有相关文献并探索性的提出组织间学习、战略柔性与技术联盟知识转移有效性关系的研究假设，以山西、天津等华北地区联盟企业的308份有效调研问卷为样本，采用基于最大似然估计法的结构方程建模进行实证分析。研究结果表明，组织间学习可以显著地提升不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性与能力柔性)；能力柔性正向作用于技术联盟知识转移有效性，而资源柔性却相反；组织间学习在受到资源柔性负向传导效应的干扰下仍然可以正向促进技术联盟知识转移有效性；组织间学习、不同类型的战略柔性对技术联盟知识转移有效性的影响确实存在显著差异。本研究在推进相关理论研究的同时，也为联盟企业合作实践提供可操作的指导依据。

关键词: 技术联盟, 组织间学习, 战略柔性, 知识转移, 有效性, Technology Alliance, Inter-organizational Learning, Strategic Flexibility, Knowledge Transfer, Effectiveness