Schumpeter's innovation theory can not reveal the process of technological innovation. Integrated innovation, Synergetic Innovation, Open Innovation and Innovation Network theories reveal the process of innovation, but theoretical alienation and confusion are following. By comparative analysis, it was found that open innovation can be named a technology paradigm, for it can integrate the theories above and avoid the tendency of rational building in integrated innovation and synergetic Innovation. But open innovation would dilute creativity and be lack of technical exclusive. It would not be the only choice for technological innovation.
It will help us understand the developing law and impact on science and technology development visualizing and comparing the developing trend, stages, network structure, subject fields and overlapping of scientific instrumentation (SI) and engineering instrumentation (EI). The results show that, both the developing trends and stages of SI and EI are striking similar; the developing trends appear to be polynomial trend; including four stages as infancy, steady developing, rapid increasing and high speed increasing; sub-network called electrical and electronic is the biggest one to both SI and EI networks; chemistry is the biggest subject for SI, and computer science is the biggest subject for EI; EI depends on SI more in the latest more than 50 years. The impact of SI and EI on science and technology development will be further explored next.
How to retrieve potential information and improve the capability for knowledge discovery is one of the hottest topics in the research of science of science. Most related approaches are based on the “terms” delivered from Natural Language Processing. However, phrases and terms retrieved in this way are really huge and “noise,” which is impossible for individuals to deal with and also incredible for software processing. Based on bibliometric and text mining techniques, this paper constructed the semi-automatic “term clumping” steps, involving with stopwords thesaurus, fuzzy matching, association rules, term frequency inverse document frequency analysis and cluster analysis. These steps combined quantitative and qualitative methodologies for term cleaning, consolidation and clustering, and generated better term list for competitive technical intelligence. This paper applied the term clumping steps in the dataset from Derwent Patent database on China’s Photovoltaic Cell, and demonstrated these steps effectively.
Abstract: Only having the R&D expenditure data, but lacking the R&D budget data is a defect of our country’s science and technology statistics work. In 2007, the government revenue and expenditure classification reform set up special large class of "science and technology", the "basic research", "applied research" and "technology" three paragraph level subjects seem to represent the government of three kinds of R&D investment. Is this judgment correct? Is the new set of data according with the historical data of China's R&D investment, and the science and technology statistics’ data? That’s what the paper tries to answer.
Peer review has been the dominant method in Scientific Research Institutes evaluations, which plays a vital role in the strategy development and performance management of Scientific Research Institutes. Based on the practice of scientific research institutes evaluation in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Max Planck Society (M&P), the laboratory of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), this paper analyzes the differences and characteristics from comparisons of several elements, including the evaluation object and content, experts sources and types, experts selection criteria and mechanisms, peer review organization and use of evaluation results. Lastly, this paper put forward some suggestions about peer review assessment approach in the future.
This paper constructs a model for the factors that have impact on the propensity of academics to engage in working with industry. By analyzing the 962 questionnaires filled by university academics in china, we find that individual characteristics such as academics’ career, seniority and disciplinary affiliation have significant impact on the propensity of academics, as well as national policies, reward system of university, and mutual trust between academics and industry partners. At the end, factors that shape Chinese academics’ perceptions of the barriers to working with industry are discussed.
Based on the panel data of China’s provinces from 1994 to 2009, this paper examines the effect of resource input (fund input and personnel input) and regional environment (government support, enterprise absorptive capacity, regional economic development level) on university technology transfer, and provides recommendations on prompting university technology transfer. The results shows that: during the sample period， personnel input, enterprise and public institution’s fund input, regional economic growth have a positive effect, governmental fund input has a negative effect. To promote university technology transfer, it shall optimize and adjust the government support for university technology transfer and make the enterprise and market to play a more active role.
Returnees play an important role in promoting the economic development and FDI technology spillover of a country or region. By introducing returnees into the FDI spillovers econometric model, we test the technological progress effects of returnees in various regions of China by using Chinese provincial panel data.The results show that returnees have played an important role in FDI technology spillover in various regions of China, but there are differences in the degree of contribution. On this basis, we set a threshold model to measure the threshold level of economic development, financial market efficiency and scientific research level which can cause positive FDI spillover effects of returnees.
Growth in firms’ competition has become increasingly dependent of organizational knowledge. It is necessary for enterprises to obtain sustainable competition advantages by promoting knowledge transfer performance. The modularization helps knowledge transfer performance by service modularization achieving efficient division and combination of knowledge. Set the service modularization as intermediary variable, construct the function mechanism theoretical analysis framework of knowledge stickiness on knowledge transfer performance. Adopt the hierarchical regression analysis to carry out empirical analysis of the established theoretical analysis framework. The results show that knowledge stickiness has a direct U-shaped effect on knowledge transfer performance, knowledge stickiness has a direct U-shaped effect on module autonomy, knowledge stickiness has a direct U-shaped effect on interface standardization, there is a significantly direct promoting effect from module autonomy and interface standardization to knowledge transfer performance, the module autonomy and interface standardization serves as a partially intermediary variable in the impaction between knowledge stickiness and knowledge transfer performance. Research will be conductive to improve service modularization and promote knowledge transfer performance.
Entrepreneurial resources and dynamic capabilities were crucial to improve start-up performance in a rapidly changing market. We carried out questionnaire survey in high-tech start-up enterprise from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, xi'an, Qingdao, Shenyang and other places of China. We used statistical software SPSS17.0 and AMOS17.0 for quantitative data analysis, demonstrated that dynamic capabilities mediated between entrepreneurial resources and performance. The empirical results show that the entrepreneur resources had significant positive effects on willingness for external partners to cooperate and dynamic capabilities; Dynamic capability had a significant positive effect on start-up performance; The willingness for external partners to cooperate had no significant positive effects on dynamic capability. And we compared the results with related analysis results of Taiwan's high-tech enterprises, focused on enhancing comprehension of start-up dynamic capabilities, thus improving the resource-based view in high-tech start-ups.
To uncover what makes the knowledge transfer effectiveness different in technology alliance at the enterprise organization level, this paper puts forward a series of hypothesis that the knowledge transfer effectiveness may be impacted by inter-organizational learning and/or strategy flexibility. 308 questionnaires survey of alliance enterprises in North China (e.g. Shanxi, Tianjin) was analyzed using structural equation model based on maximum likelihood estimation. The results show that inter-organizational learning can significantly enhance the different strategy flexibility (resource flexibility and capability flexibility); Knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance is positively affected by capability flexibility but negatively affected by resource flexibility. Interestingly, inter-organizational learning can still positively affect knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance although it is distracted by the negative conduction of resource flexibility. Moreover, inter-organizational learning and different strategy flexibility affect knowledge transfer effectiveness in technology alliance significantly differ. This study promotes the related theoretical research and offers an operable guidance for the practical collaboration of alliance enterprise.
The accumulation of organizational intellectual capital relies on widely knowledge sharing among organizational members. Organization incentives representing formal organizational factor and organizational culture representing informal organizational factor are attracting more and more concerns from academic communities and the business communities. However, few studies have distinguished the effect of organizational incentives on knowledge sharing and the effect of organizational culture on knowledge sharing. Addressing the knowledge gap, this study employed the modified SIT to explore how enterprise incentives and organization culture affect knowledge sharing. Through a investigation of 1182Knowledge workers, this study found that (1) organizational incentive through compliance’s mediating effect indirectly affect knowledge sharing intention; (2) organizational culture through identification & internalization (affective commitment)’s mediating effect indirectly affect knowledge sharing attitude, and knowledge sharing attitude positively affects knowledge sharing intention.
Based on threshold panel data model with industrial enterprises in China, this paper analyzed the non-linear effects of R&D intensity on firm performance. R&D promotes firm performance only if R&D intensity exceeds the first threshold. While R&D intensity exceeds the second threshold, increasing R&D can hardly bring performance growth. The threshold effects of R&D intensity on firm performance vary across industries. The optimum interval of R&D intensity ranges from 1.1% to 4.13% to effectively promote TFP, and 1.17%~4.16% to promote ROA in high-tech industries. This optimum interval for low-tech industries ranges from 0.74% to 3.73% to effectively promote TFP, and 0.93% ~ 3.8% to promote ROA. R&D intensity for 51.46% enterprises involved in R&D activity is still smaller than the first threshold. Therefore, encouraging R&D investment and promoting R&D intensity should still be an important goal for S&T policy in China.
There is no consensus whether social capital can promote organizational innovation. This study meta-analytically integrated results from piles of social capital researches in organizational innovation. Based on 49 independent samples (N=14014), it found a positive significant and medium relationship between social capital and organizational innovation with r=0.332.Then it explored this relationship from the perspective of dimensions of social capital. It turned out that structural capital, relational capital and cognitive capital were all positive significantly relevant to the organizational innovation. Finally, it derived moderators of this relationship concerning on existence of mediators, cultural and industrial difference. It showed that the relationship was higher for the existence of mediators and both the cultural and industrial factors inference the relationship with a stronger effect in the context of eastern culture and a more obvious effect in high-tech industry.
the e-business enterprises from china successfully attained a fast catch-up with the leading ones from developed countries in the past decade through establishing their own local framework of technology and market. How can they achieve it in the specific context of china? A co-evolution model between the secondary business-model innovation and technological innovation could be explored in the case of Alibaba. The secondary business-model innovation evolves from the introduction of fundamental technologies, then co-evolves with the local technologies through the cycling of “secondary business-model innovation – market structure – competitive strategy – technological innovation – secondary business-model innovation”, and finally accelerates the development and catch-up of the local technologies through the three co-evolution phases of “fundamental technology introduction – indigenous technology innovation – emerging technology guidance”. This co-evolution model enriches the catch-up theory from a combined perspective of the secondary business-model innovation and technological innovation, having positive implications for innovation practices of late-comer firms.
Due to the characteristics of the inter-organizational collaboration, the cooperative innovation projects may face more relationship risks than the others. By reviewing the literatures on perception of relationship risk and project risk management, this article developed a model on governancing the relationship risk in the cooperative innovation projects, which was composed of the cooperation paradigm, risk governance structure and innovative work behaviors within the project teams. The case studies on three cooperative innovation projects leaded by the state-owned high-tech enterprises, multinational corporations and universities, proved that governancing relationship risk from three aspects (i.e perception, assessment and control) was the process that the elements related to those aspects were embedded into the innovation management among the cooperative teams. Specifically, the evidence also revealed the internal correlations among those elements. The analysis suggests that the difference on the cooperation pattern, institution background and corporation culture among three cooperative innovation teams may have a great influence on governancing the relationship risks. Moreover, the analysis reveals the strategies and path on engaging the team embedded management into relationship risk governance.
Technological innovation is key to China Returnee Entrepreneurship and is worth of researching. Firstly, this paper analysis the research about the development of China Returnee Entrepreneurship, then find that the mechanism of development of China Returnee Entrepreneurship, especially the mechanism of Technological innovation is blank. So, the paper build the theory about measures of ambidextrous network and levels of analysis of the network through integrating theory of the social network of Chinese and Western society. After explain the relation and advantage of exploring learning and exploiting learning of China Returnee Entrepreneurship, we construct the Technological innovation model based on the ambidextrous network and organizational learning and propose relative propositions.
We build a theoretical model about the relationship among founder’s proactive personality, social networks and innovation performance based on the theoretical research. By using the method of multiple regression analysis and taking survey data from 148 questionnaires, we analyzed the relationships among them including the intermediary role of social networks between the other two variables. The results show that in the social networks dimension, the network heterogeneity, network size have a significantly positive influence on innovation performance; the social networks have a partial intermediary role between the founder's proactive personality and innovation performance. Above conclusions deepen the understanding of the relationships among the founder’s proactive personality, social networks and innovation performance. The results also reveal the mechanism of the founder’s proactive personality, social networks and innovation performance, provides a theoretical reference for shaping founder’s personality traits in the development model of enterprise networking.
