Abstract: The stereotype on scientists is a very important issue in STS, which matters to the maintenance of scientific talent and workforce, risk communication as well as the advance of civic scientific literacy. A consensus in academia is the stereotype on scientists are well established all over the world since Chambers (1983)’s pioneering work. This study however, challenge the methodological and psychological foundation of DAST (draw-a-scientist test) in existence, and proposal a neo-DAST which includes four steps, called “reference drawing”, “comparative coding”, “classified convergence” and “cross verification”. Three groups of subjects was selected from (A) professional masters’ class for public understanding of since in the School of Fine Arts, (B) undergraduate students’ class, and (M) graduate students’ class to examine this new test method (n=71). And it is found that, the stereotype on scientists do exist, but it is also quite doubtable to say that it could definitely be improved by more contact. Dummy regression shows for example, both Group A and Group M generally have less stereotype on scientists, while the former is mainly caused by less contact with science or just because the artists as the reference have stronger stereotype compared with entrepreneurs, and the latter was activated an avoidance mode due to the stereotype threaten. The analysis also implies that, the stereotype of college students sure have some bad effect on choosing science as their further career, where a solution might lie in the enhancement of conterstereotype on scientist by all means.

摘要： 如何改变科学家的刻板印象，是维系科学人才队伍的合理构成，风险沟通乃至公民科学素养提升等诸多问题的关键。自钱伯斯（Chambers, 1983）的开创性工作以来的一个共识也是，科学家的刻板印象是在世界范围内普遍存在的。本研究从心理学基础上批判了已有“画一个科学家的小测验”（DAST，draw-a-scientist test）方法论和社会心理学基础缺失等问题，提出了对照画图、比较编码、分类收敛、交叉印证的改进思路，并选取了（A）美院科普专硕班；（B）本科生全校任选课班，（M）研究生全校任选课班三组被试进行新的DAST测度（n=71）。编码发现科学家的刻板印象的确普遍存在，但定量模型的分析亦表明笼统地认为更多的接触科学能改变对科学家的刻板印象是不准确的。相比之下，A组更少地接触到了科学或选取了更刻板的艺术家作为参照，或是M组由于刻板印象威胁所产生的自我规避都可能成为竞争性解释。总体上讲，刻板印象的存在已经在大学生群体的职业选择中产生了一定的负面印象。对此反刻板印象的强化应该成为改善的一个重要突破口。